Truck drivers are given the large responsibility of transporting various materials from one point to another such as cars, store merchandise, and machinery. Before a driver takes his or her vehicle out on the road, one of the first tasks that has to be done is a careful vehicle inspection. The driver must check some of the following items: fluid levels, proper safety equipment is on board, tire pressure, functioning of the brakes, lights, windshield wipers and turn signals. The driver also has to make sure that the car go on the back of the bed is properly loaded and secured before taking it out on the road. The vehicle’s side mirrors have to be adjusted so that blind spots and to ensure that the driver has proper visibility.
Truck Driver Job Responsibilities
Drivers, as required by the United States Department of Transportation, have to keep a running log that records their daily work tasks, any accidents that he or
she is involved in and the basic condition of the vehicle. The driver has to be familiar with use of technology, be able to drive long distances and for extended periods of time along with having the ability to aid in the loading and unloading of cargo that he or she will transport. Drivers work with different sizes and types of trucks, depending upon their job description. Those driving delivery trucks work with a vehicle that is primarily used for local pickup and delivery of various packages and products. This individual will usually handle the loading and unloading of the items and obtaining signatures upon delivery. Some using a truck of this type may also sell the products that they are transporting. When a driver has returned the vehicle to the company, they are responsible to turn in any problems or repairs that need to be addressed. Drivers can either be self-employed or work for a company.
Truck Driver Training and Education Requirements
Many companies will offer their own driver training program while some institutions will offer a public based driver training to their campus. These are often found at vocational and/or technical schools, where the driver will learn various skills such as the federal and state regulations, maneuvering of the vehicle and related tasks. The classes will also involve actual hands on experience driving a vehicle and practicing turning, backing up and parking. Other training that can be beneficial to a perspective driver is taking classes in mechanics and driving courses during the high school years. Some states require that a driver attend an approved training program before he or she passes for a CDL license. Drivers have to be a minimum of 21 years old in order to drive a truck across state lines.
Truck Driver Salary and Wages
The salary for a truck driver can vary according to the amount of hours driven a week, length of time on the road and mileage driven. Jobs that feature flexible hours and the best pay can be the most competitive. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that employment of these individuals will rise by 9% by 2018. The projected number of new truck driving jobs will be created in the next decade is approximately 291,900. For those driving tractor-trailers, the average rise in employment over the next decade is expected to be 13%. The average hourly pay for a tractor-trailer driver is in the range of $14.21 to $22.56. The lowest paid found the $11.63 with the highest being at or above $27.07. Those driving long miles over the road are usually paid by the mile, while local delivery drivers are paid by the hour.
Truck Driver Certifications
Drivers who plan to drive vehicles that are able to transport 26,000 pounds or a heavier load of cargo, such as in a tractor-trailer, are required to obtain a CDL, or Commercial Driver’s License. This license is issued by the state in which the driver works and requires that he or she has both a written and performance test. The written test encompasses times of the road, driving laws and other federal and state regulations. The performance test requires the driver perform a thorough check of the vehicle in the presence of the test administrator and go for a drive that involves certain maneuvers and recognition of signs. If the driver will be transporting hazardous materials, they are required to have their fingerprints taken and a criminal check of their background will be done. These are sent to the Transportation Security Association.
Truck Driver Professional Associations
Many truck drivers can join a number of professional organizations and unions. One union that has a large number of truck drivers in its membership is the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The union helps drivers to obtain higher pay, better benefits and to ensure a good working environment. The union will often deal for the drivers in salary negotiations with a company. The Professional Truck Driver Institute, located in Alexandria, Virginia provides training for new drivers and membership for those already in the field along with continuing education opportunities.
Showing posts with label Transportation Jobs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Transportation Jobs. Show all posts
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
Taxi Driver Job Description & Career Opportunities
Driving a taxi requires a certain level of enthusiasm and an ability to satisfy customers. A taxi driver’s main task is to provide transportation to paying customers from one destination to another destination of their choosing. Handling baggage or some other type of cargo may be involved. Taxi drivers obtain new customers by responding to hand signals, by responding to dispatches, phone calls or computer messages from the actual cab company about new customers, and by frequenting areas with hotels, airports and other places most likely to have people in need of transportation.
Job Responsibilities
Transporting passengers to and from various locations is the main responsibility of the taxi driver. It is important that this is done in a safe and timely manner. Drivers should also be friendly and courteous to clients as it is a part of good customer service and effects the client’s decision to leave a tip. Drivers need to be as helpful as possible to passengers.
Taxi drivers need to have thorough knowledge of the city and surrounding area. It is important to keep a map in the vehicle for reference. A navigational device is also useful, though it may be best not to have it installed on the dashboard for safety reasons, but kept nearby. A map or navigational device are especially helpful to drivers in larger cities and areas that are continuously changing and expanding.
The taxi cab is the responsibility of the driver. Before beginning work for the day the driver is supposed to check for any faults with the vehicle, such as a burnt out tail light. Fuel levels, brakes and various fluid levels also need to be checked. The inside and outside of the vehicle should be kept as clean and smell-free as possible. The vehicle should always be presentable.
After a brief vehicle inspection, the driver should begin filling out paperwork that logs the activity of the day. The paperwork needs to be updated with every new client. Basic information that is usually on these worksheets include client name, destination and total fare. All of the information needs to be accurate.
Training and Education
There are no special education requirements needed to become a taxi driver. Many cab companies want drivers to have at least an eight grade education, though a high school diploma is most preferred. Drivers must be at least 21 years of age, 25 years of age in some places, and have a clean driving record. If there are any previous traffic violations, there cannot have been any within the last three years.
Salary and Wages
Wages vary from state to state and from city to city. Drivers in larger cities and metropolitan areas earn more money than those in smaller areas. Wages are determined by hours worked, number of completed fares and tips. Most taxi drivers do not have a set work schedule and can work as many as six days a week and more than ten hours a day. Self-employed drivers have a bit more flexibility in their schedules.
Drivers who are more helpful, friendly and courteous typically get more tips. Depending on location, fares are either based on a taximeter, which is a meter that calculates the amount of money due to the driver based on distance and time, or a flat fee, which is determined by zoning in some areas. The taximeter is usually started once the passenger tells the driver what location to drive to and turned off after arrival. Extra fees can also be charged for extra passengers or baggage handling. In 2009, the average salary for a taxi driver is around $33,000. Most drivers can expect to earn between $20,000 and $30,000. That amount can change depending on whether or not a driver is employed by a cab company or is self-employed.
Certification
Drivers need a driver’s license at least, but some states require public transportation drivers to either have a chauffeur’s license, special taxicab operator’s license or both. Some states also require taxi drivers to have a commercial driver’s license with “endorsements” to carry passengers. These licenses need to be renewed every year to continue driving a cab.
The standard for training is set by the state government. Up to 80 hours of classroom instruction may be mandatory. Drivers will need to be able to pass tests with proficiency on motor vehicle laws, basic automotive repair, local geography and landmarks, and safe driving. Overall good vision and hearing, with or without corrective lenses or devices, is a must. In the United States, an ability to speak conversational English is required for drivers.
Professional Associations
The most well-known professional association for taxicabs is Taxicab, Limousine and Paratransit Association, also known as TLPA. It was established in 1917 and its membership includes 1,100 public transportation companies worldwide. TLPA provides information, education and other services, such as legislative resources, to its members to help them better serve customers and increase profits. The specific division for taxicabs has more than 500 members. Seminars, legislative representation, an opportunity to network with peers and more are offered by the Taxicab Division of TLPA.
Job Responsibilities
Transporting passengers to and from various locations is the main responsibility of the taxi driver. It is important that this is done in a safe and timely manner. Drivers should also be friendly and courteous to clients as it is a part of good customer service and effects the client’s decision to leave a tip. Drivers need to be as helpful as possible to passengers.
Taxi drivers need to have thorough knowledge of the city and surrounding area. It is important to keep a map in the vehicle for reference. A navigational device is also useful, though it may be best not to have it installed on the dashboard for safety reasons, but kept nearby. A map or navigational device are especially helpful to drivers in larger cities and areas that are continuously changing and expanding.
The taxi cab is the responsibility of the driver. Before beginning work for the day the driver is supposed to check for any faults with the vehicle, such as a burnt out tail light. Fuel levels, brakes and various fluid levels also need to be checked. The inside and outside of the vehicle should be kept as clean and smell-free as possible. The vehicle should always be presentable.
After a brief vehicle inspection, the driver should begin filling out paperwork that logs the activity of the day. The paperwork needs to be updated with every new client. Basic information that is usually on these worksheets include client name, destination and total fare. All of the information needs to be accurate.
Training and Education
There are no special education requirements needed to become a taxi driver. Many cab companies want drivers to have at least an eight grade education, though a high school diploma is most preferred. Drivers must be at least 21 years of age, 25 years of age in some places, and have a clean driving record. If there are any previous traffic violations, there cannot have been any within the last three years.
Salary and Wages
Wages vary from state to state and from city to city. Drivers in larger cities and metropolitan areas earn more money than those in smaller areas. Wages are determined by hours worked, number of completed fares and tips. Most taxi drivers do not have a set work schedule and can work as many as six days a week and more than ten hours a day. Self-employed drivers have a bit more flexibility in their schedules.
Drivers who are more helpful, friendly and courteous typically get more tips. Depending on location, fares are either based on a taximeter, which is a meter that calculates the amount of money due to the driver based on distance and time, or a flat fee, which is determined by zoning in some areas. The taximeter is usually started once the passenger tells the driver what location to drive to and turned off after arrival. Extra fees can also be charged for extra passengers or baggage handling. In 2009, the average salary for a taxi driver is around $33,000. Most drivers can expect to earn between $20,000 and $30,000. That amount can change depending on whether or not a driver is employed by a cab company or is self-employed.
Certification
Drivers need a driver’s license at least, but some states require public transportation drivers to either have a chauffeur’s license, special taxicab operator’s license or both. Some states also require taxi drivers to have a commercial driver’s license with “endorsements” to carry passengers. These licenses need to be renewed every year to continue driving a cab.
The standard for training is set by the state government. Up to 80 hours of classroom instruction may be mandatory. Drivers will need to be able to pass tests with proficiency on motor vehicle laws, basic automotive repair, local geography and landmarks, and safe driving. Overall good vision and hearing, with or without corrective lenses or devices, is a must. In the United States, an ability to speak conversational English is required for drivers.
Professional Associations
The most well-known professional association for taxicabs is Taxicab, Limousine and Paratransit Association, also known as TLPA. It was established in 1917 and its membership includes 1,100 public transportation companies worldwide. TLPA provides information, education and other services, such as legislative resources, to its members to help them better serve customers and increase profits. The specific division for taxicabs has more than 500 members. Seminars, legislative representation, an opportunity to network with peers and more are offered by the Taxicab Division of TLPA.
Flight Attendant Job Description & Career Opportunities
Flight attendants are employed by airlines to ensure the safety of passengers and crew members. International safety regulations require the presence of flight attendants. Attendants are required on all commercial flights with over 19 passengers and on select business and military flights.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the number of flight attendant jobs will increase by 8% through 2018. Competition for jobs is expected to be fierce. Because there are no higher education requirements to become a flight attendant, the industry generally has more applicants than there are jobs. Applicants with a college degree have the best chance of being hired. The most opportunities in the industry are expected to come from regional and low-cost carriers.
Job Responsibilities
The primary responsibility of a flight attendant is to ensure that all safety regulations are followed. Approximately one hour before takeoff, flight attendants are briefed by the pilot on the details of the flight. The briefing includes expected flight time, any unusual weather or flying conditions and any special passengers onboard. Prior to boarding, flight attendants work with other airline personnel to ensure that the plane is in working order. Attendants check that the in-cabin emergency and first aid equipment is working properly and that the plane is stocked with amenities such as beverages and snacks.
As passengers board the plane, flight attendants ensure that all passengers are properly seated. Attendants help passengers properly store luggage in overhead bins and under seats. Once all passengers are properly seated and luggage is stored, flight attendants read a federally regulated safety brief, which provides emergency information in the case of an evacuation or loss of power. Attendants demonstrate the proper use of seat belts, oxygen masks and flotation devices.
Once in the air, the number one priority for flight attendants is attending to passengers’ safety. In the case of turbulence or an evacuation, attendants assist and reassure passengers. If any passenger becomes ill or needs first aid during the flight, attendants help tend to the person in need. Flight attendants perform cabin checks every 20-30 minutes to check for any safety issues.
Flight attendants also perform duties to make the flying experience more comfortable for passengers. They serve drinks and snacks, hand out headsets, answer questions and help clean the cabin.
On large flights, a lead flight attendant helps oversee the work and duties of other flight attendants. The lead flight attendant is sometimes known as a purser.
Training and Education Requirements
Although a high school diploma is the only degree necessary to become a flight attendant, employers are increasingly seeking candidates with college degrees. Candidates who major in fields related to tourism, communication or customer service are especially desirable.
All airlines provide formal training programs for newly hired flight attendants. These programs are generally about one month long and teach new hires how to handle emergency situations, how to provide first aid and how to perform basic in-cabin duties. Employment is contingent upon successfully completing the training program. After completion of the program, attendants receive the FAA Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency.
Once newly hired attendants have completed the training program, they are assigned to a carrier’s base and placed on reserve to fill in when an aircraft needs extra crew members. While on reserve, attendants must be very flexible and ready to fly on a moment’s notice. After serving one year or more on reserve status, attendants receive regular assignments. New employees have the last pick of routes and flying times. Only the most experienced flight attendants can pick their base and flying routes.
Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median wage for flight attendants is approximately $35,000. The middle fifty percent of attendants earn between $28,000 and $50,000 annually. Pay varies by carrier. All new hires generally start at the same pay rate and receive increases on a fixed schedule.
Beyond salary, flight attendants enjoy free travel benefits. Usually, attendants and their immediate family are entitled to free or greatly discounted fare on any flight that has empty seats available.
Certifications
All flight attendants must receive the FAA Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency prior to their first flight. This certificate demonstrates that the flight attendant has been properly trained in emergency evacuation, cabin duties and security procedures. For experienced flight attendants, the FAA requires ongoing retraining and safety certifications.
FAA certifications are relevant for a specific type of aircraft. Flight attendants who switch airlines are usually required to undergo a one-to-two day refresher course prior to beginning work. If an airline introduces a new type of aircraft, the crew must be re-certified by the FAA.
Professional Associations
Most flight attendants belong to the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), which is the primary union for the industry. Over 50,000 attendants on 22 airlines are members of the AFA. The union works to ensure fair wages, hours and working conditions for all union members.
The Transport Workers Union of America and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters are two other unions that represent flight attendants.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the number of flight attendant jobs will increase by 8% through 2018. Competition for jobs is expected to be fierce. Because there are no higher education requirements to become a flight attendant, the industry generally has more applicants than there are jobs. Applicants with a college degree have the best chance of being hired. The most opportunities in the industry are expected to come from regional and low-cost carriers.
Job Responsibilities
The primary responsibility of a flight attendant is to ensure that all safety regulations are followed. Approximately one hour before takeoff, flight attendants are briefed by the pilot on the details of the flight. The briefing includes expected flight time, any unusual weather or flying conditions and any special passengers onboard. Prior to boarding, flight attendants work with other airline personnel to ensure that the plane is in working order. Attendants check that the in-cabin emergency and first aid equipment is working properly and that the plane is stocked with amenities such as beverages and snacks.
As passengers board the plane, flight attendants ensure that all passengers are properly seated. Attendants help passengers properly store luggage in overhead bins and under seats. Once all passengers are properly seated and luggage is stored, flight attendants read a federally regulated safety brief, which provides emergency information in the case of an evacuation or loss of power. Attendants demonstrate the proper use of seat belts, oxygen masks and flotation devices.
Once in the air, the number one priority for flight attendants is attending to passengers’ safety. In the case of turbulence or an evacuation, attendants assist and reassure passengers. If any passenger becomes ill or needs first aid during the flight, attendants help tend to the person in need. Flight attendants perform cabin checks every 20-30 minutes to check for any safety issues.
Flight attendants also perform duties to make the flying experience more comfortable for passengers. They serve drinks and snacks, hand out headsets, answer questions and help clean the cabin.
On large flights, a lead flight attendant helps oversee the work and duties of other flight attendants. The lead flight attendant is sometimes known as a purser.
Training and Education Requirements
Although a high school diploma is the only degree necessary to become a flight attendant, employers are increasingly seeking candidates with college degrees. Candidates who major in fields related to tourism, communication or customer service are especially desirable.
All airlines provide formal training programs for newly hired flight attendants. These programs are generally about one month long and teach new hires how to handle emergency situations, how to provide first aid and how to perform basic in-cabin duties. Employment is contingent upon successfully completing the training program. After completion of the program, attendants receive the FAA Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency.
Once newly hired attendants have completed the training program, they are assigned to a carrier’s base and placed on reserve to fill in when an aircraft needs extra crew members. While on reserve, attendants must be very flexible and ready to fly on a moment’s notice. After serving one year or more on reserve status, attendants receive regular assignments. New employees have the last pick of routes and flying times. Only the most experienced flight attendants can pick their base and flying routes.
Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median wage for flight attendants is approximately $35,000. The middle fifty percent of attendants earn between $28,000 and $50,000 annually. Pay varies by carrier. All new hires generally start at the same pay rate and receive increases on a fixed schedule.
Beyond salary, flight attendants enjoy free travel benefits. Usually, attendants and their immediate family are entitled to free or greatly discounted fare on any flight that has empty seats available.
Certifications
All flight attendants must receive the FAA Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency prior to their first flight. This certificate demonstrates that the flight attendant has been properly trained in emergency evacuation, cabin duties and security procedures. For experienced flight attendants, the FAA requires ongoing retraining and safety certifications.
FAA certifications are relevant for a specific type of aircraft. Flight attendants who switch airlines are usually required to undergo a one-to-two day refresher course prior to beginning work. If an airline introduces a new type of aircraft, the crew must be re-certified by the FAA.
Professional Associations
Most flight attendants belong to the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), which is the primary union for the industry. Over 50,000 attendants on 22 airlines are members of the AFA. The union works to ensure fair wages, hours and working conditions for all union members.
The Transport Workers Union of America and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters are two other unions that represent flight attendants.
Bus Driver Job Description & Career Opportunities
Bus drivers have one of the most people oriented occupations and one that requires constant focus as well as people skills. It is a job that can be done in many different settings, and that has a good outlook, as transportation companies vary and are many in every city.
Job Responsibilities
Bus drivers transport people to their destination. Whether a metropolitan bus driver, a school bus driver, a resort bus driver, airport bus driver, commuter/job bus driver, public transit bus driver, private and public government agencies bus driver, Fun parks bus driver, and other settings, the responsibilities of transporting and dealing with the public are primary. Depending on the employer, other tasks may be required, such as maintaining and inspecting the bus, doing some paperwork and reports, answer customers questions, provide directions, collect fare, stock the bus with needed supplies, and other important tasks necessary to run a bus smoothly.
Bus drivers must adhere to a schedule to pick up passengers and they must follow a time frame in order to make their stops. In other words, a bus driver may never be too early as to miss passengers. Their routine and stops will depend on the type of company that they work for. For example, school bus drivers have one route that they must follow everyday in order to pick up students, transport them to the school, and back home. Depending on the shift, full-time or part-time, a bus driver will have to do other required duties. Tour bus drivers also have a set route and they deal mostly with vacationers, tourists, and groups that are enjoying a good time. Tour bus drivers’ destinations may vary depending on the type of job; a tour may take a day, a few hours, or several days. Other types of drivers will have to do several stops during the day, more or less depending on their established route.
The safety of the people they are transporting is the biggest responsibility a bus driver has. He/she must be always alert and focus on the driving task, as well as know any possible driving conditions ahead, and weather conditions. He/she must be informed of the traffic, and any variations in the schedule due to unexpected events.
Bus drivers can drive small buses of 15 passengers or larger buses up to 100 passengers. They must show courtesy and a polite demeanor to the customers, as well as assist in reporting any emergencies. Depending on the type of job setting a bus driver may work part-time or full-time 5, 6, or weekends/holidays. However, all bus companies must follow the rules and regulations that have been established by the Department of Transportation concerning working hours and other issues
Training and Education Requirements
A bus driver must possess a valid Commercial Driver’s License, commonly known as CDL. This is obtained by taking a test, which is mandated by state and federal regulations. They might also have to take any employer required seminars or classes, and training. A company training may include local and state traffic regulations, company rules and policy, safety issues, driving training and monitoring for a period of time, how to deal with the public, understanding schedules and other related tasks … A high school Diploma is preferred, however, a clean driver’s record and experience driving will suffice in some cases, depending on the employer requirements. They must have people skills as they will encounter many different personalities in their job, and good communication skills are necessary. These skills also include the ability to deal and manage large groups, and communicate clear instructions.
Other endorsements might be necessary depending on the job setting – passenger and school bus endorsement. You must be 18 years to drive a bus within state borders and at least 21 years old if you are going to be engaged in interstate commerce. You will have to pass a physical exam every two years and have a dominion of the English language (read/speak). Companies will also test drivers for drug and substances. Others require a background check.
Bus Driver Salary and Wages
Salary, benefits, and wages will depend on type of employment setting, company perks and bonuses, and if the person is employed full or part-time. Salary ranges from $9.82 per hour up to $26.74+ per hour.
Certifications
Bus drivers must possess a CDL license, must pass a health exam, company training and required certifications depending on the type of setting, such as first aid and emergency evacuation, student relations, special needs training, safety, and any other certificates mandated by the employer.
Professional Associations
Depending on the state, city, and employment bus drivers may belong to local associations, for example job associations, school employees association, bus drivers association, and others.
The occupation of bus driver continues to evolve as transportation and local, state, and federal laws evolve. Technology and the evolution of modes of transportation will also determine much of this career’s future. People will always need to be transported from one place to another, and future employment opportunities will always be available.
Job Responsibilities
Bus drivers transport people to their destination. Whether a metropolitan bus driver, a school bus driver, a resort bus driver, airport bus driver, commuter/job bus driver, public transit bus driver, private and public government agencies bus driver, Fun parks bus driver, and other settings, the responsibilities of transporting and dealing with the public are primary. Depending on the employer, other tasks may be required, such as maintaining and inspecting the bus, doing some paperwork and reports, answer customers questions, provide directions, collect fare, stock the bus with needed supplies, and other important tasks necessary to run a bus smoothly.
Bus drivers must adhere to a schedule to pick up passengers and they must follow a time frame in order to make their stops. In other words, a bus driver may never be too early as to miss passengers. Their routine and stops will depend on the type of company that they work for. For example, school bus drivers have one route that they must follow everyday in order to pick up students, transport them to the school, and back home. Depending on the shift, full-time or part-time, a bus driver will have to do other required duties. Tour bus drivers also have a set route and they deal mostly with vacationers, tourists, and groups that are enjoying a good time. Tour bus drivers’ destinations may vary depending on the type of job; a tour may take a day, a few hours, or several days. Other types of drivers will have to do several stops during the day, more or less depending on their established route.
The safety of the people they are transporting is the biggest responsibility a bus driver has. He/she must be always alert and focus on the driving task, as well as know any possible driving conditions ahead, and weather conditions. He/she must be informed of the traffic, and any variations in the schedule due to unexpected events.
Bus drivers can drive small buses of 15 passengers or larger buses up to 100 passengers. They must show courtesy and a polite demeanor to the customers, as well as assist in reporting any emergencies. Depending on the type of job setting a bus driver may work part-time or full-time 5, 6, or weekends/holidays. However, all bus companies must follow the rules and regulations that have been established by the Department of Transportation concerning working hours and other issues
Training and Education Requirements
A bus driver must possess a valid Commercial Driver’s License, commonly known as CDL. This is obtained by taking a test, which is mandated by state and federal regulations. They might also have to take any employer required seminars or classes, and training. A company training may include local and state traffic regulations, company rules and policy, safety issues, driving training and monitoring for a period of time, how to deal with the public, understanding schedules and other related tasks … A high school Diploma is preferred, however, a clean driver’s record and experience driving will suffice in some cases, depending on the employer requirements. They must have people skills as they will encounter many different personalities in their job, and good communication skills are necessary. These skills also include the ability to deal and manage large groups, and communicate clear instructions.
Other endorsements might be necessary depending on the job setting – passenger and school bus endorsement. You must be 18 years to drive a bus within state borders and at least 21 years old if you are going to be engaged in interstate commerce. You will have to pass a physical exam every two years and have a dominion of the English language (read/speak). Companies will also test drivers for drug and substances. Others require a background check.
Bus Driver Salary and Wages
Salary, benefits, and wages will depend on type of employment setting, company perks and bonuses, and if the person is employed full or part-time. Salary ranges from $9.82 per hour up to $26.74+ per hour.
Certifications
Bus drivers must possess a CDL license, must pass a health exam, company training and required certifications depending on the type of setting, such as first aid and emergency evacuation, student relations, special needs training, safety, and any other certificates mandated by the employer.
Professional Associations
Depending on the state, city, and employment bus drivers may belong to local associations, for example job associations, school employees association, bus drivers association, and others.
The occupation of bus driver continues to evolve as transportation and local, state, and federal laws evolve. Technology and the evolution of modes of transportation will also determine much of this career’s future. People will always need to be transported from one place to another, and future employment opportunities will always be available.
Aircraft Pilot Job Description & Career Opportunities
Flying the friendly skies can be an exciting and lucrative career. Employment opportunities can begin within months of the initial flight training starting from zero hours to a certified flight instructor and beyond. Training to become a pilot can be costly, however, the rewards and benefits of flying with a major trunk and carrier provide a satisfying career with prestige and honor.
Certifications
To earn a living flying a fixed wing or rotor craft, the pilot will need to obtain a commercial license. The first step is to complete the Private Pilot’s license with an written exam and accumulated flight time of approximately 40 hours as pilot in command. Upon completing the first licensing requirement, the pilot may work towards an instrument rating to learn to operate the aircraft relying solely on the instrument panel. Additional ratings include an upgrade to a heavier aircraft from a two seat trainer to a four place plane, or earning a rating for a multi-engine craft.
The Commercial Pilot license may be attained at approximately 250 hours of flight time and a passing score on the medical examination. From the commercial certificate, a new pilot may obtain his or her Certified Flight Instructor certificate, or CFI, and begin earning a living as a flight trainer. Pilots who wish to press forward to the jumbo jets for employment in corporate and commercial passenger carriers will sit for the Airline Transport Pilot, or ATP, exam and begin their training for a lifelong career with the airlines.
Training and Education
Pilot training may be achieved through the military, however, is more commonly gained through civilian channels. Private flight schools are plentiful to take the novice pilot from the Private Pilot license through the CFI for immediate aviation employment. However, the pilot in training that wishes to continue through to the jet instruction may save time and money by attending a flight school that can carry the student through to the upper levels of certificates and ratings. This type of commercial pilot package can be financed through independent lending institutions or those who contract with the flight academies. Pay for your flight training one package at a time, or save thousands of dollars by combining your training at one flight school for a commercial jet program.
Job Responsibilities
Pilots are responsible for the safety of their crew and passengers and must adhere to strict rules and regulations from their employer. Drinking alcohol between flights is prohibited and the pilots must be given a minimum 8 hour rest period at the end of every completed route. The pilot in command will communicate with his or her passengers and keep in contact with the air traffic controller towers during take off and landings. Commercial airline pilots are expected to keep themselves in tip-top physical condition and will be subject to passing a yearly medical to test their heart, eye sight and other vital functions. Failure to pass the commercial medical exam will result in a grounded pilot. Retirement age will vary from one company to the next, however, the average exit age is about 60 years old.
Salary and Wages
The salary and wages for a commercial pilot will vary according to his or her experience and if that pilot is hired as a co-pilot or the pilot in command (PIC). Entry level wages occur at the flight instructor level and the paycheck is calculated by commission on how many students the CFI is training. Employment with an international carrier generally begins at $120,000 a year for the co-pilot, with potential to move up to the left seat as PIC for the industry’s top pay. Pilots who fly international routes make more than those who fly domestic ones, making the transatlantic positions highly competitive from within the airline companies. As a rule, the heavier the aircraft that the pilot is licensed to fly, the greater the increase in pay will be.
Professional Associations
Pilot clubs and professional associations can serve as both a recreational outlet and union protection service for the commercial license holder. Associations such as the nationally recognized Civil Air Patrol or similar regional clubs offer qualified pilots the chance to provide valuable search and rescue assistance to local authorities and build their log time among like-minded flying professionals. The Airline Pilot’s Association, or ALPA, is the premium source for information on airline industry careers, recommending academic institutions to earn a degree in the aviation field, and holds a comprehensive list of valuable pilot career links to aid current and future pilots. Pilots who own and their own aircraft may wish to join the Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association, or AOPA, for ongoing training, safety, and aircraft reviews and specifications. AOPA members enjoy instant access at the aviation help desk, a one year subscription to AOPA Flight Training magazine and may take advantage of free online seminars to keep their piloting skills sharp and current.
Certifications
To earn a living flying a fixed wing or rotor craft, the pilot will need to obtain a commercial license. The first step is to complete the Private Pilot’s license with an written exam and accumulated flight time of approximately 40 hours as pilot in command. Upon completing the first licensing requirement, the pilot may work towards an instrument rating to learn to operate the aircraft relying solely on the instrument panel. Additional ratings include an upgrade to a heavier aircraft from a two seat trainer to a four place plane, or earning a rating for a multi-engine craft.
The Commercial Pilot license may be attained at approximately 250 hours of flight time and a passing score on the medical examination. From the commercial certificate, a new pilot may obtain his or her Certified Flight Instructor certificate, or CFI, and begin earning a living as a flight trainer. Pilots who wish to press forward to the jumbo jets for employment in corporate and commercial passenger carriers will sit for the Airline Transport Pilot, or ATP, exam and begin their training for a lifelong career with the airlines.
Training and Education
Pilot training may be achieved through the military, however, is more commonly gained through civilian channels. Private flight schools are plentiful to take the novice pilot from the Private Pilot license through the CFI for immediate aviation employment. However, the pilot in training that wishes to continue through to the jet instruction may save time and money by attending a flight school that can carry the student through to the upper levels of certificates and ratings. This type of commercial pilot package can be financed through independent lending institutions or those who contract with the flight academies. Pay for your flight training one package at a time, or save thousands of dollars by combining your training at one flight school for a commercial jet program.
Job Responsibilities
Pilots are responsible for the safety of their crew and passengers and must adhere to strict rules and regulations from their employer. Drinking alcohol between flights is prohibited and the pilots must be given a minimum 8 hour rest period at the end of every completed route. The pilot in command will communicate with his or her passengers and keep in contact with the air traffic controller towers during take off and landings. Commercial airline pilots are expected to keep themselves in tip-top physical condition and will be subject to passing a yearly medical to test their heart, eye sight and other vital functions. Failure to pass the commercial medical exam will result in a grounded pilot. Retirement age will vary from one company to the next, however, the average exit age is about 60 years old.
Salary and Wages
The salary and wages for a commercial pilot will vary according to his or her experience and if that pilot is hired as a co-pilot or the pilot in command (PIC). Entry level wages occur at the flight instructor level and the paycheck is calculated by commission on how many students the CFI is training. Employment with an international carrier generally begins at $120,000 a year for the co-pilot, with potential to move up to the left seat as PIC for the industry’s top pay. Pilots who fly international routes make more than those who fly domestic ones, making the transatlantic positions highly competitive from within the airline companies. As a rule, the heavier the aircraft that the pilot is licensed to fly, the greater the increase in pay will be.
Professional Associations
Pilot clubs and professional associations can serve as both a recreational outlet and union protection service for the commercial license holder. Associations such as the nationally recognized Civil Air Patrol or similar regional clubs offer qualified pilots the chance to provide valuable search and rescue assistance to local authorities and build their log time among like-minded flying professionals. The Airline Pilot’s Association, or ALPA, is the premium source for information on airline industry careers, recommending academic institutions to earn a degree in the aviation field, and holds a comprehensive list of valuable pilot career links to aid current and future pilots. Pilots who own and their own aircraft may wish to join the Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association, or AOPA, for ongoing training, safety, and aircraft reviews and specifications. AOPA members enjoy instant access at the aviation help desk, a one year subscription to AOPA Flight Training magazine and may take advantage of free online seminars to keep their piloting skills sharp and current.
Air Traffic Controller Job Description & Career Opportunities
Air Traffic Controllers are typically employed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). They work within the National Airspace System (NAS), coordinating the movement of air traffic. They direct planes and regulate airport traffic. They also work for the FAA’s Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center in Herndon, VA. They oversee an entire operation. They respond to problems by creating a management plan to keep traffic levels manageable for employees who work at en route centers. Opportunities to become an air traffic controller are expected to grow, resulting from a need to replace workers who retire or leave the occupation.
Air Traffic Controller Job Responsibilities
Air Traffic Controllers typically work forty hours a week. They rotate night and weekend shifts. During busy times they must work efficiently to ensure the safety of aircraft. They may serve in many roles under different titles. They are as follows:
Terminal Controllers
Terminal Radar Controllers
Tower Flight Data Controller
Clearance Delivery Controllers
Ground Controllers
Local Controllers
Airport Tower Controllers
En Route Controllers
Radar Associate Controllers
Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers
Flight Service Specialists
Terminal Controllers are responsible for all planes that fly over an airport’s airspace. They organize the flow of aircraft. They typically work in the control tower and sometimes in the terminal radar approach control room (TRACON). They sequence arrival aircraft for landing. They issue departure and flight plan clearances. They control the movement of aircraft on the taxiways. They also handle flight data.
Terminal Radar Controllers monitor the aircraft’s movement on radar to manage aircraft arrivals and departures into the airport. They inform the pilots about issues such as weather constraints and runway conditions.
Tower Data Flight Controllers receive flight plans and process them by printing out a computer flight strip. The controller works closely with four other controllers: 1) the clearance delivery controller, 2) the ground controller, 3) the local controller, and the 4) departure controller to support the aircraft calling for clearance. For example, the clearance delivery controller issues the clearance; the ground controller manages the movement of the aircraft; the local controller issues the departure clearance; and the departure controller identifies the plane on radar and directs the plane‘s course.
Airport Tower and En route Controllers work in teams. They are assigned and are responsible for a sector of the traffic control center’s designated airspace. They coordinate air traffic arrivals and departures with two other controllers: 1) the Radar Associate Controllers and 2) the Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers. Radar Associate Controllers organize flight plans by rearranging time conflicts and changing flights paths or altitude. When there is a time conflict between two planes arriving into the airport, they delegate responsibility for the arrival of a plane to the next team. The Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers work closely with the local and ground controllers. They sequence airplane arrivals and issue an approach clearance to the pilot operating the aircraft. They direct the local and ground controllers. The local controller issues a land clearance; and the ground controller directs the plane to the gate.
Airport Tower and En route Controllers have to make quick decisions. They often control more than two planes at a time. They direct planes that are about to land and organize their landing approach. At the same they also provide information to pilots about the conditions of the airport and observe other planes entering the airport that are in a holding pattern waiting for permission to land.
Flight Service Specialists work in flight service stations. They provide pre-flight and in-flight weather information. They suggest routes, relay air traffic control clearances, assist pilots with emergency information, and coordinate searches for missing aircraft. They also provide airport advisory services. They are not involved in managing and separating aircraft.
Air Traffic Controller Training and Education Requirements
To become an air traffic controller, applicants who do not have prior experience, such as those from the general public, must take the FAA’s pre-employment test and meet certain qualification requirements according to Federal law. Air traffic controllers who have prior experience with either the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense as a civilian or veteran must be at least 30 years or younger to apply.
Applicants from the general public must have three years of consistent full-time work experience and have completed four years of college. Some years in college can be substituted for lack of work experience. For example, one year of undergraduate study can be substituted for at least nine months of work experience.
An applicant may also complete a course of study through the FAA’s Air Traffic Collegiate Training Institute (AT-CTI). The AT-CTI program offers two-year and four-year non-engineering degrees. The program offers courses in aviation and air traffic control.
The FAA Pre-Employment Test takes about eight hours to complete. It is administered on the computer. To take the test, there must be an open advertisement for air traffic controller positions. Applicants apply under the advertisement. They are chosen by the FAA administration to take the test. If there are more applicants than controller positions, applicants are selected randomly. All students who have enrolled in the AT-CTI program are guaranteed an automatic opportunity to take the pre-employment test. Once an applicant has achieved a qualifying score, candidates are granted medical and security clearance; and they are subject to drug screening. Candidates who become employees receive their training at the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
They endure twelve weeks of training. They take the following basic courses: airway system fundamentals, FAA regulations, controller equipment, and aircraft performance. After graduation, controllers are assigned to an air traffic control facility where they are classified as developmental controllers.
Air Traffic Controllers must have excellent communication skills. They must be able to clearly articulate and give the pilot directions. They must be intelligent and possess good memory. They must be able to make quick decisions and be able to concentrate in chaotic situations.
Air Traffic Controller Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage of Air Traffic Controllers in May 2008 was approximately $111,870. The highest ten percent earned more than $161,010, with the lowest ten percent earning $45,020. The average annual salary for a controller working for the federal government, which employs approximately 90 percent of all controllers, was $109,218 in March 2009.
Air Traffic Controller salaries are determined by the rating a facility receives. Through this rating system, the Air Traffic Control system classifies controller salaries. If a facility receives a higher rating, then this means higher salaries for controllers who work in that facility. Higher salaries create a higher demand from the controller to exercise keen judgment and decision-making ability.
Air Traffic Controllers receive a minimum of thirteen weeks of paid vacation and thirteen days of paid sick leave. They receive life insurance and health benefits. They are eligible to retire at the age of 50 with twenty years of service; or they can retire after twenty-five years of service. For controllers who reach the age of 56, there is a mandatory retirement for those who manage traffic.
Air Traffic Controller Certifications
To be certified to become a full air traffic controller, new controllers must complete all of their certification requirements within two to four years. Individuals with prior experience take less time to become certified. Controllers are expected to pass a physical exam and a job performance evaluation each year. Controllers who fail to become certified in a position or facility are dismissed from the training program.
Air Traffic Controller Professional Associations
Many Air Traffic Controllers are members of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA). The NATCA operates in nine regional boundaries set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The association provides facility representation. It develops partnership initiatives with the FAA on such issues involving alcohol testing, stress debriefings, and occupational safety and health. It recommends members to national committees. It offers special town meetings. It answers member’s questions concerning training failures, workers’ compensation, scheduling, and disciplinary conduct.
Air Traffic Controller Job Responsibilities
Air Traffic Controllers typically work forty hours a week. They rotate night and weekend shifts. During busy times they must work efficiently to ensure the safety of aircraft. They may serve in many roles under different titles. They are as follows:
Terminal Controllers
Terminal Radar Controllers
Tower Flight Data Controller
Clearance Delivery Controllers
Ground Controllers
Local Controllers
Airport Tower Controllers
En Route Controllers
Radar Associate Controllers
Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers
Flight Service Specialists
Terminal Controllers are responsible for all planes that fly over an airport’s airspace. They organize the flow of aircraft. They typically work in the control tower and sometimes in the terminal radar approach control room (TRACON). They sequence arrival aircraft for landing. They issue departure and flight plan clearances. They control the movement of aircraft on the taxiways. They also handle flight data.
Terminal Radar Controllers monitor the aircraft’s movement on radar to manage aircraft arrivals and departures into the airport. They inform the pilots about issues such as weather constraints and runway conditions.
Tower Data Flight Controllers receive flight plans and process them by printing out a computer flight strip. The controller works closely with four other controllers: 1) the clearance delivery controller, 2) the ground controller, 3) the local controller, and the 4) departure controller to support the aircraft calling for clearance. For example, the clearance delivery controller issues the clearance; the ground controller manages the movement of the aircraft; the local controller issues the departure clearance; and the departure controller identifies the plane on radar and directs the plane‘s course.
Airport Tower and En route Controllers work in teams. They are assigned and are responsible for a sector of the traffic control center’s designated airspace. They coordinate air traffic arrivals and departures with two other controllers: 1) the Radar Associate Controllers and 2) the Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers. Radar Associate Controllers organize flight plans by rearranging time conflicts and changing flights paths or altitude. When there is a time conflict between two planes arriving into the airport, they delegate responsibility for the arrival of a plane to the next team. The Terminal Radar Arrival Controllers work closely with the local and ground controllers. They sequence airplane arrivals and issue an approach clearance to the pilot operating the aircraft. They direct the local and ground controllers. The local controller issues a land clearance; and the ground controller directs the plane to the gate.
Airport Tower and En route Controllers have to make quick decisions. They often control more than two planes at a time. They direct planes that are about to land and organize their landing approach. At the same they also provide information to pilots about the conditions of the airport and observe other planes entering the airport that are in a holding pattern waiting for permission to land.
Flight Service Specialists work in flight service stations. They provide pre-flight and in-flight weather information. They suggest routes, relay air traffic control clearances, assist pilots with emergency information, and coordinate searches for missing aircraft. They also provide airport advisory services. They are not involved in managing and separating aircraft.
Air Traffic Controller Training and Education Requirements
To become an air traffic controller, applicants who do not have prior experience, such as those from the general public, must take the FAA’s pre-employment test and meet certain qualification requirements according to Federal law. Air traffic controllers who have prior experience with either the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense as a civilian or veteran must be at least 30 years or younger to apply.
Applicants from the general public must have three years of consistent full-time work experience and have completed four years of college. Some years in college can be substituted for lack of work experience. For example, one year of undergraduate study can be substituted for at least nine months of work experience.
An applicant may also complete a course of study through the FAA’s Air Traffic Collegiate Training Institute (AT-CTI). The AT-CTI program offers two-year and four-year non-engineering degrees. The program offers courses in aviation and air traffic control.
The FAA Pre-Employment Test takes about eight hours to complete. It is administered on the computer. To take the test, there must be an open advertisement for air traffic controller positions. Applicants apply under the advertisement. They are chosen by the FAA administration to take the test. If there are more applicants than controller positions, applicants are selected randomly. All students who have enrolled in the AT-CTI program are guaranteed an automatic opportunity to take the pre-employment test. Once an applicant has achieved a qualifying score, candidates are granted medical and security clearance; and they are subject to drug screening. Candidates who become employees receive their training at the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
They endure twelve weeks of training. They take the following basic courses: airway system fundamentals, FAA regulations, controller equipment, and aircraft performance. After graduation, controllers are assigned to an air traffic control facility where they are classified as developmental controllers.
Air Traffic Controllers must have excellent communication skills. They must be able to clearly articulate and give the pilot directions. They must be intelligent and possess good memory. They must be able to make quick decisions and be able to concentrate in chaotic situations.
Air Traffic Controller Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage of Air Traffic Controllers in May 2008 was approximately $111,870. The highest ten percent earned more than $161,010, with the lowest ten percent earning $45,020. The average annual salary for a controller working for the federal government, which employs approximately 90 percent of all controllers, was $109,218 in March 2009.
Air Traffic Controller salaries are determined by the rating a facility receives. Through this rating system, the Air Traffic Control system classifies controller salaries. If a facility receives a higher rating, then this means higher salaries for controllers who work in that facility. Higher salaries create a higher demand from the controller to exercise keen judgment and decision-making ability.
Air Traffic Controllers receive a minimum of thirteen weeks of paid vacation and thirteen days of paid sick leave. They receive life insurance and health benefits. They are eligible to retire at the age of 50 with twenty years of service; or they can retire after twenty-five years of service. For controllers who reach the age of 56, there is a mandatory retirement for those who manage traffic.
Air Traffic Controller Certifications
To be certified to become a full air traffic controller, new controllers must complete all of their certification requirements within two to four years. Individuals with prior experience take less time to become certified. Controllers are expected to pass a physical exam and a job performance evaluation each year. Controllers who fail to become certified in a position or facility are dismissed from the training program.
Air Traffic Controller Professional Associations
Many Air Traffic Controllers are members of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA). The NATCA operates in nine regional boundaries set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The association provides facility representation. It develops partnership initiatives with the FAA on such issues involving alcohol testing, stress debriefings, and occupational safety and health. It recommends members to national committees. It offers special town meetings. It answers member’s questions concerning training failures, workers’ compensation, scheduling, and disciplinary conduct.
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