Writers and editors produce many types of written materials in many ways. They use a variety of publishing software to create articles, books, magazines, Web content, newsletters and marketing materials such as flyers and advertisements. They create everything you read and see in print or online. They are an integral part of most industries, since almost all companies have written materials that must be edited and updated.
Most writing and editing positions require or strongly prefer candidates with a degree in writing or a related field. Jump start your career by requesting free information today from the schools below:
BFA in Creative Writing for Entertainment by Full Sail University
Bachelor of Arts – Creative Writing and English by Southern New Hampshire University
Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing by Full Sail University
There is a lot of competition in the writing and editing fields, since many people are attracted to it. Because of this, and advances in technology, many companies are looking for candidates with Web writing and publishing experience and advanced education, such as a master’s degree.
Writing and Editing Job Responsibilities
Writers must conduct research on their topics before writing. This research can include the Internet, the library and personal interviews. Writers then gather their material, select the material they want to use, organize it, and use words to express story lines and ideas, or to convey information. With help from editors, they may reorganize sections and reword sentences for clarity and organization.
Editors review the work of writers, checking for grammatical errors, misspellings, incorrect word choices or sentences in need of restructuring. Responsibilities of an editor vary depending on employer and type of position. Many perform fact-checking and title creation. Some also perform graphic design and page layout activities to prepare the materials or publication. Others may have to double-check the writer’s work and perform research and analysis to make sure the information is correct and accurate.
Newspapers and publishers may have several types of editors. Editorial assistants often do research and fact-checking. Copy editors focus on the copy and make sure it contains no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. They also ensure correct styles and fonts are used. Manging editors often hire and oversee the staff.
Although many writers and editors still work at companies on-site, more and more are able to enjoy the flexibility of working from home. Many companies are looking for writers and editors to perform duties on a short-term, contract basis and allow telecommuting to attract more experienced and qualified applicants nationwide that would not be able to apply for the job otherwise due to the company’s location. Many companies only require employees to have access to e-mail, Internet and word processing software (such as Microsoft Word).
Writing and Editing Training and Education Requirements
Most companies require a writer or editor to have at least a bachelor’s degree. Companies are looking for candidates with excellent writing skills and therefore prefer to hire those with degrees in journalism, communications or English. There are many topics and industries that employ writers, so employers often prefer that a candidate have experience or education writing for specific topics, such as travel or medicine.
High school and college newspapers are great ways for writers and editors to gain experience in this field. Inetrnships, though often unpaid, can be great experiences as well and allow people to learn about publishing. Many magazines, newspapers and television and radio stations offer internships for college students for school credit. Interns will work with others at the company and may write stories, conduct interviews, proofread or perform fact-checking.
Besides college education, writers and editors must also have specific personality traits in order to succeed in the business. Most importnatly, they should enjoy writing. Other traits include curiosity, creativity, motivation and perseverance. Writers and editors should have knowledge about a variety of topics and always be willing to learn. Other important traits in this field are ethics and good judgment; a lack thereof can result in lawsuits from publishing unethcial material. Those in the writing and editing field often face constant deadlines and pressure, so it’s important to be able to concentrate and focus to meet deadlines. A background or strong interest in Web design, multimedia and graphic design is strongly encouraged.
Writing and Editing Salary and Wages
Salary and wages for writing and editing positions vary depending on experience, education, employer and location. Those who work in large companies and have at least a bachelor’s degree tend to earn more. The average hourly wage is $24.42, or about $50,800 per year. The highest wages are in the business and professional industries, in which the average salary is $61,220.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Writing and Editing Certifications
There are certifications available in the writing and editing fields. Many colleges offer certification in copy editing, technical writing or creative writing. These certifications are usually not needed if one already has a bachelor’s degree, since most companies don’t require them. However, obtaining a certification may be helpful for someone with no college education who wants to get their foot into the door of a publishing company.
Writing and Editing Professional Associations
There are many professional associations for those in the writing and editing field. A popular association for copy editors is the American Copy Editors Society (ACES), which focuses on the advancement of copy editors in all journalistic outlets. There is also the National Association of Independent Writers and Editors (NAIWE), which is specifically for freelancers. The association aims to help freelancers advance their careers so they can achieve the kind of freelance life they wish to live. There are many other associations, some which are specifically for writers and editors of certain industries, such as books, medicine or science.
Showing posts with label Media Jobs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Media Jobs. Show all posts
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Job Description & Career Opportunities
TV, Radio and Sports Announcers tend to be known by all and loved by most! These are the voices and faces you see or hear every day when driving to work, watching the news, perhaps even while you shop. Though their name might not be their actual birth name, you may know it as well as you know your friends’ names and indeed, announcers occasionally seem as though they are a friend because of their continued friendly presence during daily activities!
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Job Responsibilities
Though you know the part of the job you hear or see, there is often much more to this position than simply reading a script out loud to an audience. An announcer may have to research and write his or her own information. They may be given a very general topic to discuss and need to determine what might interest the audience, and find timely information and fact check it for accuracy. Announcers may also have to perform live or taped interviews, in which case they need to research and obtain some background information about the person they’ll be interviewing, preparing an advance list of questions and topics to cover. An announcer may also need to make public appearances at station events, shaking hands, giving out autographs, and answering questions while promoting the station and sometimes its clients. An announcer may also be expected to do production work, which involves using computerized equipment to record and edit commercials and other promotional audio. Radio disc jockeys (“DJs” or “jocks”) do not select the music; this is done by a program director or music director.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Training and Education Requirements
Radio announcers typically have to have a high level of comfort with audio equipment. These skills may have been learned in high school or college in a radio program, but as technology changes often, it may be advisable to keep current on audio technology, researching the current tools and attending classes as needed.
A sports announcer needs to stay very current with events and figures within that sport as he or she is not only announcing plays but delivers commentary and analysis and is therefore expected to have a high level of knowledge of and passion for the sport. Often, former athletes or coaches of that sport are preferred applicants for sports announcer positions, as the audience presumes they have a firsthand knowledge of the game that an “outsider” may not have.
Some announcers get their start by performing low-level tasks in a station such as research, assisting at promotions, or college internships, and eventually may have the opportunity to be on the air; internships can also be valuable to acquire contacts and to become familiar with the equipment being utilized, and help to steer further training. College training may involve a broadcast program (some colleges have their own radio station) or public speaking, drama, or English classes. Announcers often have to update portions of a station’s website so some classes or familiarity with content management systems can be helpful. A good command of grammar, writing, research, and excellent diction are also valuable skills.
Acquiring a sample reel/CD or mp3 can be a valuable tool for obtaining employment. A typical path for an announcer is at a small station with a small audience, and moving up in audience size as their popularity grows, often moving from smaller cities to larger cities as their reputation grows.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Salary and Wages
This profession is considered fairly prestigious and is in demand by employees, so pay is typically low except for seasoned well-known professionals with a large following. Salaries vary widely, with the middle 50% earning between $8.82 and $21.04. The highest 10% earned more than $33.58 and the lowest earned $7.45. As of 2008, there were about 55,100 announcers in the United States; that figure is expected to decline by about 6 percent by 2018, as stations move toward automation and syndication.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Certifications
There are no certifications specific to this career.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Professional Associations
There are many professional associations for announcers as well as various trade magazines dedicated to the profession which can provide valuable insider information as to news and trends in stations across the country.
NAB, the National Association of Broadcasters, focuses on the technical aspects of television and radio. Membership includes access to conventions which showcase cutting edge technologies.
NASPAA, the National Association of Sports Public Address Announcers, offers memberships which include voice training and equipment as well as an understanding of sports psychology. They are known for their annual announcer awards.
American Disc Jockey Association is a nonprofit which focuses on mobile/nightclub disc jockeys.
Many stations also have a broadcasting association wherein members can make local connections, find job postings, and find out more about stations and broadcasting trends within the state.
Radio Ink magazine is an industry magazine with news, classifieds, trends, and other resources. R&R magazine (Radio & Records) has merged with Billboard and serves a similar purpose.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Job Responsibilities
Though you know the part of the job you hear or see, there is often much more to this position than simply reading a script out loud to an audience. An announcer may have to research and write his or her own information. They may be given a very general topic to discuss and need to determine what might interest the audience, and find timely information and fact check it for accuracy. Announcers may also have to perform live or taped interviews, in which case they need to research and obtain some background information about the person they’ll be interviewing, preparing an advance list of questions and topics to cover. An announcer may also need to make public appearances at station events, shaking hands, giving out autographs, and answering questions while promoting the station and sometimes its clients. An announcer may also be expected to do production work, which involves using computerized equipment to record and edit commercials and other promotional audio. Radio disc jockeys (“DJs” or “jocks”) do not select the music; this is done by a program director or music director.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Training and Education Requirements
Radio announcers typically have to have a high level of comfort with audio equipment. These skills may have been learned in high school or college in a radio program, but as technology changes often, it may be advisable to keep current on audio technology, researching the current tools and attending classes as needed.
A sports announcer needs to stay very current with events and figures within that sport as he or she is not only announcing plays but delivers commentary and analysis and is therefore expected to have a high level of knowledge of and passion for the sport. Often, former athletes or coaches of that sport are preferred applicants for sports announcer positions, as the audience presumes they have a firsthand knowledge of the game that an “outsider” may not have.
Some announcers get their start by performing low-level tasks in a station such as research, assisting at promotions, or college internships, and eventually may have the opportunity to be on the air; internships can also be valuable to acquire contacts and to become familiar with the equipment being utilized, and help to steer further training. College training may involve a broadcast program (some colleges have their own radio station) or public speaking, drama, or English classes. Announcers often have to update portions of a station’s website so some classes or familiarity with content management systems can be helpful. A good command of grammar, writing, research, and excellent diction are also valuable skills.
Acquiring a sample reel/CD or mp3 can be a valuable tool for obtaining employment. A typical path for an announcer is at a small station with a small audience, and moving up in audience size as their popularity grows, often moving from smaller cities to larger cities as their reputation grows.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Salary and Wages
This profession is considered fairly prestigious and is in demand by employees, so pay is typically low except for seasoned well-known professionals with a large following. Salaries vary widely, with the middle 50% earning between $8.82 and $21.04. The highest 10% earned more than $33.58 and the lowest earned $7.45. As of 2008, there were about 55,100 announcers in the United States; that figure is expected to decline by about 6 percent by 2018, as stations move toward automation and syndication.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Certifications
There are no certifications specific to this career.
TV, Radio and Sports Announcer Professional Associations
There are many professional associations for announcers as well as various trade magazines dedicated to the profession which can provide valuable insider information as to news and trends in stations across the country.
NAB, the National Association of Broadcasters, focuses on the technical aspects of television and radio. Membership includes access to conventions which showcase cutting edge technologies.
NASPAA, the National Association of Sports Public Address Announcers, offers memberships which include voice training and equipment as well as an understanding of sports psychology. They are known for their annual announcer awards.
American Disc Jockey Association is a nonprofit which focuses on mobile/nightclub disc jockeys.
Many stations also have a broadcasting association wherein members can make local connections, find job postings, and find out more about stations and broadcasting trends within the state.
Radio Ink magazine is an industry magazine with news, classifieds, trends, and other resources. R&R magazine (Radio & Records) has merged with Billboard and serves a similar purpose.
Television, Video, and Motion Picture Camera Operators and Editors Job Description & Career Opportunities
Camera operators in the television, film and video industries use video and film cameras to produce images that inform, entertain or tell a story. Cameras are also used to record events. Video and film editors edit film and video for cable, broadcast television and film industries.
Camera operators use video, film or television cameras to tape a variety of visual material, including motion pictures, television series, documentaries, news, sporting events, music videos and training sessions. Film and video editors produce these types of programming and edit together many different shots to create a continuous program. Most editing work can now be done on the computer, thanks to advances in digital technology. Many in this field work at independent television stations, local television stations, large television and cable networks or independent production companies. Some even have their own business and do freelance work filming special events, such as graduations, weddings or parties, or filming short videos for companies to post online.
Camera Operators and Editors Job Responsibilities
Cinematographers film motion pictures for the entertainment field. They use motion picture cameras to film and create movies, television series and commercials. Cinematographers may use several cameras at once, in different positions and locations. Cameras can stay in one place and shoot whatever action takes place, or the camera can be mounted and the camera operator can shoot different angles or directions. Some camera operators use cranes so that they can position themselves higher and shoot unique angles; others film video and action scenes by carrying a camera on their shoulders with the help of a harness. Camera operators often work with a director of photography to discuss different ways to film, edit and improve scenes.
Creating professional-quality movies and videos requires technical skill and creativity. Camera operators must come up with ways to present the material in an interesting way, use equipment appropriately and be able to steady a camera to ensure smooth, unshaky camera images.
Training and Education Requirements
Camera operators and editors generally learn about camera operating and editing through training at colleges, universities or film schools.
Many universities, community colleges, technical schools and film schools offer camera operation classes. Basic courses cover equipment, techniques and processes. Understanding of computer technology and digital cameras is very important. Bachelor’s degree programs provide a well-rounded education, and are often required for employment.
Those interested in camera operating positions are recommended to read industry-related magazines, join clubs and associations and seek internships at television and cable networks, studios or audio-video stores.
Many camera operators start out in the film industry as production assistants and learn the workings of the industry. They learn to set up equipment such as lights and cameras. As they learn new skills, they may be asked to adjust cameras or provide input on what images to shoot and how to edit them. A good work ethic and reputation is important to succeed in this industry, as producers and directors will often recommend camera operators and editors to others.
Besides education and skill, camera operators need excellent vision, hand-eye coordination and artistic ability. They need to be accurate, good at communicating and able to shoot video and film for extensive periods of time. Those who operate their own businesses or do freelance work also need business skills, since they will need to be able to write contracts, calculate bids and obtain permission to shoot at specific locations and to use people or images in videos.
Camera Operators and Editors Salary and Wages
Annual salaries for camera operators range from $29,020 to $59,970, with the average at $41,670. Those in the film and motion picture industries earn more, with wages averaging close to $80,000. Film and video editors can expect annual salaries between $33,060 and $77,700, with the average at $50,560. The highest earners made more than $112,410. Job growth is expected to be average. There is a lot of competition as many people are attracted to the industry and these types of jobs. Those with advanced degrees and computer skills will be given more opportunities.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Camera Operators and Editors Certifications
The National Court Reporters Association offers a certification for those interested in becoming video specialists in the legal field. Camera operators would videotape court hearings and depositions. Certification requires knowledge in video recording production, post production, legal and office procedures and ethics.
Camera Operators and Editors Professional Associations
The Society of Camera Operators (SOC) is an association that recognizes and nurtures excellence in the camera operation field. It encourages development of both technology and production methods that will help their members excel. The SOC sponsors workshops, seminars and showcases to increase the skills and knowledge of their members. There are also several unions available to camera operators, including those who work freelance.
Camera operators use video, film or television cameras to tape a variety of visual material, including motion pictures, television series, documentaries, news, sporting events, music videos and training sessions. Film and video editors produce these types of programming and edit together many different shots to create a continuous program. Most editing work can now be done on the computer, thanks to advances in digital technology. Many in this field work at independent television stations, local television stations, large television and cable networks or independent production companies. Some even have their own business and do freelance work filming special events, such as graduations, weddings or parties, or filming short videos for companies to post online.
Camera Operators and Editors Job Responsibilities
Cinematographers film motion pictures for the entertainment field. They use motion picture cameras to film and create movies, television series and commercials. Cinematographers may use several cameras at once, in different positions and locations. Cameras can stay in one place and shoot whatever action takes place, or the camera can be mounted and the camera operator can shoot different angles or directions. Some camera operators use cranes so that they can position themselves higher and shoot unique angles; others film video and action scenes by carrying a camera on their shoulders with the help of a harness. Camera operators often work with a director of photography to discuss different ways to film, edit and improve scenes.
Creating professional-quality movies and videos requires technical skill and creativity. Camera operators must come up with ways to present the material in an interesting way, use equipment appropriately and be able to steady a camera to ensure smooth, unshaky camera images.
Training and Education Requirements
Camera operators and editors generally learn about camera operating and editing through training at colleges, universities or film schools.
Many universities, community colleges, technical schools and film schools offer camera operation classes. Basic courses cover equipment, techniques and processes. Understanding of computer technology and digital cameras is very important. Bachelor’s degree programs provide a well-rounded education, and are often required for employment.
Those interested in camera operating positions are recommended to read industry-related magazines, join clubs and associations and seek internships at television and cable networks, studios or audio-video stores.
Many camera operators start out in the film industry as production assistants and learn the workings of the industry. They learn to set up equipment such as lights and cameras. As they learn new skills, they may be asked to adjust cameras or provide input on what images to shoot and how to edit them. A good work ethic and reputation is important to succeed in this industry, as producers and directors will often recommend camera operators and editors to others.
Besides education and skill, camera operators need excellent vision, hand-eye coordination and artistic ability. They need to be accurate, good at communicating and able to shoot video and film for extensive periods of time. Those who operate their own businesses or do freelance work also need business skills, since they will need to be able to write contracts, calculate bids and obtain permission to shoot at specific locations and to use people or images in videos.
Camera Operators and Editors Salary and Wages
Annual salaries for camera operators range from $29,020 to $59,970, with the average at $41,670. Those in the film and motion picture industries earn more, with wages averaging close to $80,000. Film and video editors can expect annual salaries between $33,060 and $77,700, with the average at $50,560. The highest earners made more than $112,410. Job growth is expected to be average. There is a lot of competition as many people are attracted to the industry and these types of jobs. Those with advanced degrees and computer skills will be given more opportunities.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Camera Operators and Editors Certifications
The National Court Reporters Association offers a certification for those interested in becoming video specialists in the legal field. Camera operators would videotape court hearings and depositions. Certification requires knowledge in video recording production, post production, legal and office procedures and ethics.
Camera Operators and Editors Professional Associations
The Society of Camera Operators (SOC) is an association that recognizes and nurtures excellence in the camera operation field. It encourages development of both technology and production methods that will help their members excel. The SOC sponsors workshops, seminars and showcases to increase the skills and knowledge of their members. There are also several unions available to camera operators, including those who work freelance.
Sound Mixer Job Description & Career Opportunities
In the world of television, film, and musical productions, high sound quality is needed. The sound mixer in each production plays a vital role in making the production interesting. Through the sound mixer, effective sound effects and recordings can be generated and contribute to a successful production. There is a lot of mixing, recording, and editing involved for the sound quality of each production to be refined and polished.
Collaboration with the technical production team, pre-production team, and postproduction team is important. Being a sound mixer requires the candidate to be adept with electronics and sound technology. Soundtracks of productions are made pleasant to the ears through the sound mixer’s efforts and creativity.
Qualifications
A university graduate for liberal arts, television, film or music can most likely enjoy this kind of work. The candidate who has formal training in sound and recording equipment is deemed more suitable for the position. It is a highly competitive position that every production company requires. Normally, a sound mixer serves as an apprentice voluntarily.
The sound mixer transfers to another production company for a broader exposure to the field. Veteran sound mixers mention that it is hard to break into this field. The candidate needs to prove how well the work can be done in a production. Since there is fierce competition among potential sound mixers, knowing the production people well and establishing good relations with them can be key to success.
Technical Appropriateness
The sound mixer for a production supervises the whole crew including the boom operators, recordist, cable personnel, and at times, the playback operator. During a production, the sound mixer has to focus on location whether it is in a studio or on the field. Pre-production sound rehearsals are important for a sound mixer to do. During a production, all sounds must be played well and recorded clearly. Technical errors are prohibited for the listeners to appreciate the whole production.
Analysis of Equipment
A show director accepts the sound mixer for pre-production. The sound mixer is given the script for the candidate to know all kinds of sound preparations and equipment to be used. During show rehearsals, the sound mixer makes sound changes as needed for the sound to be loud, clear, and smooth. The transition from one segment to another with overlapping sound quality must be smooth and relevant to the scene. It is important for the sound mixer to have back-up equipment in case sound errors occur for a live performance. It is better to be prepared in all aspects for a production than be embarrassed when sound errors occur.
Sound Mixing
In every production, the sound mixer takes advantage of the break time to record the actual room tone. This means that there is no background noise and voices heard in the room. This enables the sound mixer to know what kind of sound mixing can be done for the sound quality to be impressive for a production. There may be continuous experimentation during the performance rehearsals. The set-up of all the sound equipment is very important must be appropriate and correct. The sound mixer sees to it that all of these details are carried out well.
Collaboration with the technical production team, pre-production team, and postproduction team is important. Being a sound mixer requires the candidate to be adept with electronics and sound technology. Soundtracks of productions are made pleasant to the ears through the sound mixer’s efforts and creativity.
Qualifications
A university graduate for liberal arts, television, film or music can most likely enjoy this kind of work. The candidate who has formal training in sound and recording equipment is deemed more suitable for the position. It is a highly competitive position that every production company requires. Normally, a sound mixer serves as an apprentice voluntarily.
The sound mixer transfers to another production company for a broader exposure to the field. Veteran sound mixers mention that it is hard to break into this field. The candidate needs to prove how well the work can be done in a production. Since there is fierce competition among potential sound mixers, knowing the production people well and establishing good relations with them can be key to success.
Technical Appropriateness
The sound mixer for a production supervises the whole crew including the boom operators, recordist, cable personnel, and at times, the playback operator. During a production, the sound mixer has to focus on location whether it is in a studio or on the field. Pre-production sound rehearsals are important for a sound mixer to do. During a production, all sounds must be played well and recorded clearly. Technical errors are prohibited for the listeners to appreciate the whole production.
Analysis of Equipment
A show director accepts the sound mixer for pre-production. The sound mixer is given the script for the candidate to know all kinds of sound preparations and equipment to be used. During show rehearsals, the sound mixer makes sound changes as needed for the sound to be loud, clear, and smooth. The transition from one segment to another with overlapping sound quality must be smooth and relevant to the scene. It is important for the sound mixer to have back-up equipment in case sound errors occur for a live performance. It is better to be prepared in all aspects for a production than be embarrassed when sound errors occur.
Sound Mixing
In every production, the sound mixer takes advantage of the break time to record the actual room tone. This means that there is no background noise and voices heard in the room. This enables the sound mixer to know what kind of sound mixing can be done for the sound quality to be impressive for a production. There may be continuous experimentation during the performance rehearsals. The set-up of all the sound equipment is very important must be appropriate and correct. The sound mixer sees to it that all of these details are carried out well.
Public Relations (PR) Specialist Job Description & Career Opportunities
Public relations specialists, also sometimes referred to as media specialists and communications specialists, act as advocates for clients who wish to build and maintain a positive relationship with the public. Common clients often include nonprofit associations, businesses, hospitals, universities and other organizations.
Public Relations Specialist Job Responsibilities
Public relations specialists are responsible for handling organizations functions, including consume, community, media, governmental and industry relations. They may also handle interest group representation, political campaigns, investor and employee relations and conflict mediation. To be successful in this career field it is important to understand the concerns and attitudes of the consumer, community, public interest groups and the employee.
Job duties may include drafting press releases and making contact with persons in the media who can broadcast or print their material. Other job duties can include arranging and conducting programs for maintaining contact between the public and organization representatives. Media specialists may also represent their employers at presentations and community projects.
When working in the government public relations specialists are often called press secretaries. Their job is to keep the public informed regarding the activities of officials and agencies.
Public relations specialists typically work in busy offices and often must adhere to deadlines and tight work schedules, which can be stressful. Most work a standard 40 hour work week; however overtime is fairly common. Work schedules can often be irregular. A schedule may be frequently interrupted. Some public relations specialists may need to be on call for a crisis or emergency. Schedules may need to be re-arranged in order to meet deadlines, attend meetings, deliver speeches, travel and attend community activities.
Professionals who are able to demonstrate that they are able to handle more demanding and complex assignments have an increased change of being promoted to supervisory positions. An entry-level worker may be hired as a junior account executive in a public relations firm and then be promoted over a period of time to account executive and then senior account executive, account manager and possibly vice president. With experience, a public relations specialist might also consider opening their own consulting firm.
The employment outlook for public relations specialists is expected to be good. Most employment opportunities are concentrated in service industries such as advertising, healthcare, social assistance, government and educational services. Others may work in financial institutions, communications firms and government agencies.
Public Relations Specialist Training and Education
A bachelor’s degree in a communications field along with public relations experience will help to prepare individuals who are interested in entering this career field. Most entry-level public relations specialists will have a bachelor’s degree in journalism, marketing, public relations or communications. Such degree programs are offered at universities and colleges around the country. Courses in business administration, advertising, political science, finance, sociology, psychology and creative writing can be helpful. There are also specialties that may be offered for government, nonprofit organizations and business.
Students can gain valuable experience through internships in public relations. This is also an excellent way to find entry-level employment. Some large organizations will offer formal training programs. New employees in small organizations will usually work under the supervision of an experienced staff member. Entry-level duties may maintain files of material regarding company activities and assemble information needed for speeches. They may also take calls from the public and the press, escort visitors and prepare invitation lists.
Along with the ability to communicate simply and clearly, public relations specialists must demonstrate initiative, creativity and good judgment. Other important skills include problem-solving, research and decision-making. Most people who choose careers in this field have self-confidence, an outgoing personality and an understanding of psychology.
Public Relations Specialist Salary and Wages
In 2008 the median annual wage for salaried public relations specialists was $51,280.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Public Relations Specialist Certifications
Public relations specialists who are members of the Public Relations Society of America and who also participate in the Examination for Accreditation in Public Relations can receive accreditation through the Universal Accreditation Board. The process involves an exam as well as a readiness review. Candidates must have a minimum of five years of full-time teaching or work experience in public relations. They must also have a bachelor’s degree in a field that is communications related. Each candidate must complete a written submission for the readiness review as well as a portfolio review. Dialogue between a three member panel and the candidate also takes place. Candidates must successful make it through the readiness review as well as pass the computer based exam in order to earn the Accredited in Public Relations (APR) designation.
There is also an accreditation program that is offered for public relations specialists and other professionals in the field of communication by the International Association of Business Communicators. Candidates must have a minimum of five years of experience as well as a bachelor’s degree in a communications related field. They must also pass oral and written exams. In addition, they must submit a portfolio that contains work examples demonstrating a range of different communications projects.
Public Relations Specialist Professional Associations
Professional associations for public relations specialists include the following:
International Association of Business Communicators
Public Relations Society of America
Public Relations Specialist Job Responsibilities
Public relations specialists are responsible for handling organizations functions, including consume, community, media, governmental and industry relations. They may also handle interest group representation, political campaigns, investor and employee relations and conflict mediation. To be successful in this career field it is important to understand the concerns and attitudes of the consumer, community, public interest groups and the employee.
Job duties may include drafting press releases and making contact with persons in the media who can broadcast or print their material. Other job duties can include arranging and conducting programs for maintaining contact between the public and organization representatives. Media specialists may also represent their employers at presentations and community projects.
When working in the government public relations specialists are often called press secretaries. Their job is to keep the public informed regarding the activities of officials and agencies.
Public relations specialists typically work in busy offices and often must adhere to deadlines and tight work schedules, which can be stressful. Most work a standard 40 hour work week; however overtime is fairly common. Work schedules can often be irregular. A schedule may be frequently interrupted. Some public relations specialists may need to be on call for a crisis or emergency. Schedules may need to be re-arranged in order to meet deadlines, attend meetings, deliver speeches, travel and attend community activities.
Professionals who are able to demonstrate that they are able to handle more demanding and complex assignments have an increased change of being promoted to supervisory positions. An entry-level worker may be hired as a junior account executive in a public relations firm and then be promoted over a period of time to account executive and then senior account executive, account manager and possibly vice president. With experience, a public relations specialist might also consider opening their own consulting firm.
The employment outlook for public relations specialists is expected to be good. Most employment opportunities are concentrated in service industries such as advertising, healthcare, social assistance, government and educational services. Others may work in financial institutions, communications firms and government agencies.
Public Relations Specialist Training and Education
A bachelor’s degree in a communications field along with public relations experience will help to prepare individuals who are interested in entering this career field. Most entry-level public relations specialists will have a bachelor’s degree in journalism, marketing, public relations or communications. Such degree programs are offered at universities and colleges around the country. Courses in business administration, advertising, political science, finance, sociology, psychology and creative writing can be helpful. There are also specialties that may be offered for government, nonprofit organizations and business.
Students can gain valuable experience through internships in public relations. This is also an excellent way to find entry-level employment. Some large organizations will offer formal training programs. New employees in small organizations will usually work under the supervision of an experienced staff member. Entry-level duties may maintain files of material regarding company activities and assemble information needed for speeches. They may also take calls from the public and the press, escort visitors and prepare invitation lists.
Along with the ability to communicate simply and clearly, public relations specialists must demonstrate initiative, creativity and good judgment. Other important skills include problem-solving, research and decision-making. Most people who choose careers in this field have self-confidence, an outgoing personality and an understanding of psychology.
Public Relations Specialist Salary and Wages
In 2008 the median annual wage for salaried public relations specialists was $51,280.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Public Relations Specialist Certifications
Public relations specialists who are members of the Public Relations Society of America and who also participate in the Examination for Accreditation in Public Relations can receive accreditation through the Universal Accreditation Board. The process involves an exam as well as a readiness review. Candidates must have a minimum of five years of full-time teaching or work experience in public relations. They must also have a bachelor’s degree in a field that is communications related. Each candidate must complete a written submission for the readiness review as well as a portfolio review. Dialogue between a three member panel and the candidate also takes place. Candidates must successful make it through the readiness review as well as pass the computer based exam in order to earn the Accredited in Public Relations (APR) designation.
There is also an accreditation program that is offered for public relations specialists and other professionals in the field of communication by the International Association of Business Communicators. Candidates must have a minimum of five years of experience as well as a bachelor’s degree in a communications related field. They must also pass oral and written exams. In addition, they must submit a portfolio that contains work examples demonstrating a range of different communications projects.
Public Relations Specialist Professional Associations
Professional associations for public relations specialists include the following:
International Association of Business Communicators
Public Relations Society of America
Publicist Job Description & Career Opportunities
A publicist is the one who connects the bridge between his client and the press. It is their job to “market” their client to the public through media. They are responsible in providing the media with the client’s information and facts. Whether their clients are celebrities or businesses, the publicist provides answers to questions as well as represent their client, especially when there are negative issues.
It is one of the widest-ranging jobs available. It is higher paying compared to typical journalism jobs. Publicity work is ideal for those who have high self-confidence, have a flair for writing, and have a natural skill in marketing.
Getting Media Exposure
It is the publicist’s job to get media exposure for their clients. They provide the press with the right information in a certain manner that promotes the client’s image. Generally, publicists are the ones who make sure a celebrity or a company retains a reputable image with the public. If the client makes a blunder in his speech or a slightly negative commentary, it is the publicist who sets it right with the press.
Mostly, publicists get press attention by issuing press releases. These are general announcements sent out to media companies notifying them of their client’s latest projects, new developments, or any other new endeavors.
Publicists also cultivate relationships with the press. They are always present during important events like awards ceremonies, social parties, and press conferences. Publicists guide the press and provide them need-to-know facts about their clients.
Good publicists recognize the story certain journalists want to write about. The publicist needs to understand which publication or TV/radio shows could be interested in such topic. They should be able to determine which one caters to their target audience. If the publicist is promoting an author and his book about family in crisis, he should first look into women’s magazines.
Possible Work
Every commercial industry needs a publicist. It is one of the widest-ranging jobs available. If you’re an aspiring publicist, you can work for a company, a celebrity, a politician, an author, or a fashion designer. Every prominent business and professional needs someone to represent them to the press.
Skills and Education
Most companies require a degree in Journalism or Communication Arts. Working in publicity requires writing efficiency. Any aspiring publicist should be confident in this area.
Attitude is also important. An aspiring publicist should know how to make their client sound interesting and create an overall positive impression. He must be able to find the goodness in its flaws. Also, he should be witty to reason out for his client’s mistake without aggravating the situation. Instead, he should be able to provide the right answer and would still be in favor of the client.
A work in public relations involves a lot of hard work, charm, and perseverance. It is a great career option to those who are very social and charming. Publicists should be able to build a warm relationship with the press in order to gain their respect for his client.
It is one of the widest-ranging jobs available. It is higher paying compared to typical journalism jobs. Publicity work is ideal for those who have high self-confidence, have a flair for writing, and have a natural skill in marketing.
Getting Media Exposure
It is the publicist’s job to get media exposure for their clients. They provide the press with the right information in a certain manner that promotes the client’s image. Generally, publicists are the ones who make sure a celebrity or a company retains a reputable image with the public. If the client makes a blunder in his speech or a slightly negative commentary, it is the publicist who sets it right with the press.
Mostly, publicists get press attention by issuing press releases. These are general announcements sent out to media companies notifying them of their client’s latest projects, new developments, or any other new endeavors.
Publicists also cultivate relationships with the press. They are always present during important events like awards ceremonies, social parties, and press conferences. Publicists guide the press and provide them need-to-know facts about their clients.
Good publicists recognize the story certain journalists want to write about. The publicist needs to understand which publication or TV/radio shows could be interested in such topic. They should be able to determine which one caters to their target audience. If the publicist is promoting an author and his book about family in crisis, he should first look into women’s magazines.
Possible Work
Every commercial industry needs a publicist. It is one of the widest-ranging jobs available. If you’re an aspiring publicist, you can work for a company, a celebrity, a politician, an author, or a fashion designer. Every prominent business and professional needs someone to represent them to the press.
Skills and Education
Most companies require a degree in Journalism or Communication Arts. Working in publicity requires writing efficiency. Any aspiring publicist should be confident in this area.
Attitude is also important. An aspiring publicist should know how to make their client sound interesting and create an overall positive impression. He must be able to find the goodness in its flaws. Also, he should be witty to reason out for his client’s mistake without aggravating the situation. Instead, he should be able to provide the right answer and would still be in favor of the client.
A work in public relations involves a lot of hard work, charm, and perseverance. It is a great career option to those who are very social and charming. Publicists should be able to build a warm relationship with the press in order to gain their respect for his client.
Photographer Job Description & Career Opportunities
Photographers produce as well as preserve images. They need creativity as well as technical expertise in order to do their job successfully. Photographers may also enhance the appearance of a subject using artificial or natural light and shooting from an interesting angle. A variety of lenses may also be used in order to produce the desired effects.
Most photographers today use digital cameras rather than traditional cameras. Some photographers choose to use both types of cameras based on their own preference as well as the nature of a particular assignment. A wide array of other types of equipment may also be used including filters, lenses and tripods as well as flash attachments.
Photographer Job Responsibilities
Images captured on a digital camera can be edited on a computer as well as stored on portable memory devises. After the image has been transferred to the computer, a photographer can then use special software to modify or crop that image and then enhance it.
Electronic portfolios can be created from a photographer’s work and used for display on their webpage, making it easier for them to reach prospective clients. Photographers must be skilled in using computers as well as printers and editing software. Photographers who choose to use traditional types of cameras need to send their film to special laboratories for the images to be processed. Some photographers choose to develop and print their photographs through the use of a darkroom. This is quite common if they utilize black and white film or want to obtain special effects.
Photographers may specialize in such areas as commercial, portrait, news, scientific, industrial or fine arts photography. Portrait photographers typically take pictures of groups of people or individuals. They commonly work in their own studios. Some photographers also specialize in religious ceremonies, school photographs or weddings. In that case, they will most often work on location. Portrait photographers also have additional job responsibilities, especially if they operate their own business, such as scheduling appointments, advertising, setting up and adjusting equipment, keeping records, purchasing supplies, paying bills, billing customers and possibly hiring, training and directing employees. Some photographers may also design photo albums and mount and frame photographs.
Industrial and commercial photographers take pictures of different types of subjects, including landscapes, artifacts, merchandise, models and buildings. Such photos may be used in different forms of media including reports, books, catalogs and advertisements. This type of work is usually performed on location.
News photographers, also known as photojournalists, photograph places, people and events that are newsworthy for journals, magazines, newspapers and television.
Fine arts photographers sell their photos as fine artwork. Along with technical proficiency, they must also have creativity and artistic talent.
Freelance or self-employed photographers often specialize in one of the above mentioned fields. Along with regular assignments they may also license the use of their photos through stock photo agencies. These agencies sell the right to use photographs to customers and the photographer is paid a commission.
Working conditions for photographers usually vary. Those employed in advertising studios usually work a typical 40 hour work week. News photographers may work long hours that are often irregular. They must also be available for work on short notice. Some photographers work only part-time. Portrait photographers usually work inside their own studios but they may also be required to travel and work on location. In some cases photographers must work in surroundings that are uncomfortable or dangerous, particularly news photographers who cover natural disasters, accidents, civil unrest or military conflicts. Inclimate weather can make the work even more difficult. Strict deadlines often apply.
Salaried photographers usually work in commercial or portrait studios while most other photographers work for advertising agencies, magazines or newspapers. Competition for job openings in the field of photography is usually keen. Employment in photography is expected to grow about as fast as average as other occupations through the year 2014. The Internet may make it easier for freelance photographers to market their work directly to customers. Improvements in digital camera technology may also reduce barriers to employment in this profession. As more companies contract with freelance photographers salaried photography jobs may be harder to locate.
After gaining experience, news and magazine photographers may advance to picture editor or photography editor positions.
Photographer Training and Education Requirements
Employers hiring photographers often look for individuals who are creative and have imagination and a good idea along with a thorough technical knowledge of photography. Most entry-level photographers in photojournalism, scientific or industrial photography have a degree in either photography or a related field. Portrait and freelance photographers may gain training and experience through vocational training or a degree program.
Photographer Salary and Wages
In 2004 the median annual earnings of photographers were $26,080. Salaried photographers usually earn more than photographers who freelance or who are self-employed.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Photographer Certifications
Certification is usually not required for photographers to gain employment; however, a degree in photography or a closely related field can help to improve chances of employment.
Photographer Professional Associations
Professional associations for photographers include:
Professional Photographers of America, Inc.
National Press Photographers Association, Inc.
American Society of Media Photographers, Inc.
Most photographers today use digital cameras rather than traditional cameras. Some photographers choose to use both types of cameras based on their own preference as well as the nature of a particular assignment. A wide array of other types of equipment may also be used including filters, lenses and tripods as well as flash attachments.
Photographer Job Responsibilities
Images captured on a digital camera can be edited on a computer as well as stored on portable memory devises. After the image has been transferred to the computer, a photographer can then use special software to modify or crop that image and then enhance it.
Electronic portfolios can be created from a photographer’s work and used for display on their webpage, making it easier for them to reach prospective clients. Photographers must be skilled in using computers as well as printers and editing software. Photographers who choose to use traditional types of cameras need to send their film to special laboratories for the images to be processed. Some photographers choose to develop and print their photographs through the use of a darkroom. This is quite common if they utilize black and white film or want to obtain special effects.
Photographers may specialize in such areas as commercial, portrait, news, scientific, industrial or fine arts photography. Portrait photographers typically take pictures of groups of people or individuals. They commonly work in their own studios. Some photographers also specialize in religious ceremonies, school photographs or weddings. In that case, they will most often work on location. Portrait photographers also have additional job responsibilities, especially if they operate their own business, such as scheduling appointments, advertising, setting up and adjusting equipment, keeping records, purchasing supplies, paying bills, billing customers and possibly hiring, training and directing employees. Some photographers may also design photo albums and mount and frame photographs.
Industrial and commercial photographers take pictures of different types of subjects, including landscapes, artifacts, merchandise, models and buildings. Such photos may be used in different forms of media including reports, books, catalogs and advertisements. This type of work is usually performed on location.
News photographers, also known as photojournalists, photograph places, people and events that are newsworthy for journals, magazines, newspapers and television.
Fine arts photographers sell their photos as fine artwork. Along with technical proficiency, they must also have creativity and artistic talent.
Freelance or self-employed photographers often specialize in one of the above mentioned fields. Along with regular assignments they may also license the use of their photos through stock photo agencies. These agencies sell the right to use photographs to customers and the photographer is paid a commission.
Working conditions for photographers usually vary. Those employed in advertising studios usually work a typical 40 hour work week. News photographers may work long hours that are often irregular. They must also be available for work on short notice. Some photographers work only part-time. Portrait photographers usually work inside their own studios but they may also be required to travel and work on location. In some cases photographers must work in surroundings that are uncomfortable or dangerous, particularly news photographers who cover natural disasters, accidents, civil unrest or military conflicts. Inclimate weather can make the work even more difficult. Strict deadlines often apply.
Salaried photographers usually work in commercial or portrait studios while most other photographers work for advertising agencies, magazines or newspapers. Competition for job openings in the field of photography is usually keen. Employment in photography is expected to grow about as fast as average as other occupations through the year 2014. The Internet may make it easier for freelance photographers to market their work directly to customers. Improvements in digital camera technology may also reduce barriers to employment in this profession. As more companies contract with freelance photographers salaried photography jobs may be harder to locate.
After gaining experience, news and magazine photographers may advance to picture editor or photography editor positions.
Photographer Training and Education Requirements
Employers hiring photographers often look for individuals who are creative and have imagination and a good idea along with a thorough technical knowledge of photography. Most entry-level photographers in photojournalism, scientific or industrial photography have a degree in either photography or a related field. Portrait and freelance photographers may gain training and experience through vocational training or a degree program.
Photographer Salary and Wages
In 2004 the median annual earnings of photographers were $26,080. Salaried photographers usually earn more than photographers who freelance or who are self-employed.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Photographer Certifications
Certification is usually not required for photographers to gain employment; however, a degree in photography or a closely related field can help to improve chances of employment.
Photographer Professional Associations
Professional associations for photographers include:
Professional Photographers of America, Inc.
National Press Photographers Association, Inc.
American Society of Media Photographers, Inc.
News Anchor Job Description & Career Opportunities
The fundamental aspect of the job is being part of the news. Having knowledge of the local culture and being keen on news-worthy events is the best attitude for pursuing a news anchor job.
A news anchor job not only involves reading a teleprompter. An anchor must be versed in editing, investigative reporting, writing and meeting deadlines and many other responsibilities that may be needed on the job. In countries like Canada and United States of America, a news anchor has to provide material for a news program and sometimes ad-lib observations and comments during live presentations. In 2011, there are eight thousand news anchors in America.
Education and Skills Requirements
In general, a news anchor should have an undergraduate degree in journalism and broadcasting programs at a university. In addition to a university degree, they need to have an experience in a news setting environment. Having a degree in broadcasting can help in pursuing a news anchor job but is not necessary. Some companies employ news anchors who have worked on school broadcast stations or newspaper. An internship with a news organization is also an advantage. Generally, news anchors have worked as a reporter, and usually moves to one station to another for better career opportunities.
Duties and Responsibilities
The duties and responsibilities of a news anchor are extensive and require patience and perseverance. News anchor give tips in developing story ideas and evaluate news leads. They authenticate accurate information about articles through research, interviews and observation. They also manage resources and write articles supported on information acquired, preserves essential targets in order to supply news stories in a well-timed approach. The news anchor also put across stories to the community and uses a variety of social platforms to make available updates and news stories.
News anchors should also have strong interest in information and has strong management skill in the newsroom. They require having a strong on-air appearance and must have outstanding communication skills in both written and oral form.
News anchors report the particulars and occasionally supply editorial commentary. They need to know how to inscribe their own scripts and sometimes can rely on the news writing team of the station, which they read over the TelePrompter. Research is imperative in every news story and news anchors ought to be well knowledgeable regarding the stories they cover and those they bring in.
News anchors also produce special segments, conduct panel discussions and on air interviews and most of all report the news. From time to time news anchors stations keep the program log and do most jobs that news anchors from established network stations do.
Salary and Compensation
A news anchor is an exciting and alluring job. News anchors have to be well-groomed prior to their television appearances. They also have to work for extended and irregular hours due to the deadlines that they have to accomplish. According to reports, as of 2009 a news anchor takes home an average pay of $50,000 every year while an experienced news anchor can get as much as $87,000. A news anchor who is working in telecommunications can earn as much as $114,000 annually.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
A news anchor job not only involves reading a teleprompter. An anchor must be versed in editing, investigative reporting, writing and meeting deadlines and many other responsibilities that may be needed on the job. In countries like Canada and United States of America, a news anchor has to provide material for a news program and sometimes ad-lib observations and comments during live presentations. In 2011, there are eight thousand news anchors in America.
Education and Skills Requirements
In general, a news anchor should have an undergraduate degree in journalism and broadcasting programs at a university. In addition to a university degree, they need to have an experience in a news setting environment. Having a degree in broadcasting can help in pursuing a news anchor job but is not necessary. Some companies employ news anchors who have worked on school broadcast stations or newspaper. An internship with a news organization is also an advantage. Generally, news anchors have worked as a reporter, and usually moves to one station to another for better career opportunities.
Duties and Responsibilities
The duties and responsibilities of a news anchor are extensive and require patience and perseverance. News anchor give tips in developing story ideas and evaluate news leads. They authenticate accurate information about articles through research, interviews and observation. They also manage resources and write articles supported on information acquired, preserves essential targets in order to supply news stories in a well-timed approach. The news anchor also put across stories to the community and uses a variety of social platforms to make available updates and news stories.
News anchors should also have strong interest in information and has strong management skill in the newsroom. They require having a strong on-air appearance and must have outstanding communication skills in both written and oral form.
News anchors report the particulars and occasionally supply editorial commentary. They need to know how to inscribe their own scripts and sometimes can rely on the news writing team of the station, which they read over the TelePrompter. Research is imperative in every news story and news anchors ought to be well knowledgeable regarding the stories they cover and those they bring in.
News anchors also produce special segments, conduct panel discussions and on air interviews and most of all report the news. From time to time news anchors stations keep the program log and do most jobs that news anchors from established network stations do.
Salary and Compensation
A news anchor is an exciting and alluring job. News anchors have to be well-groomed prior to their television appearances. They also have to work for extended and irregular hours due to the deadlines that they have to accomplish. According to reports, as of 2009 a news anchor takes home an average pay of $50,000 every year while an experienced news anchor can get as much as $87,000. A news anchor who is working in telecommunications can earn as much as $114,000 annually.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Job Description & Career Opportunities
News analysts, reporters, and correspondents gather facts, attend and observe events, and inform the public. They may work for local, national, or international news organizations, in print, on television or radio, or online. Professionals in this field use their skills to interview, investigate, and observe newsworthy events. Newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and online news sites depend on these professionals to keep their audiences informed.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Job Responsibilities
News analysts (also known as newscasters or news anchors) appear on television news shows, introduce stories, interview guests, and present factual information to the audience. News correspondents appear on television news shows and present stories from the location at which they are stationed. They may appear live or on videotape. News reporters or journalists gather information and present it to the audience, either through video, print, or a combination of the two.
Large media organizations may have specialized journalists that report on a particular field or area, such as sports, weather, or even international news. In smaller organizations, there is less specialization and a single reporter may report on a wide variety of events, take photographs, write articles or scripts, and appear on the newscast.
News analysts, reporters, and correspondents may work in a quiet office, a crowded newsroom floor, or a television studio. Onsite locations for news stories, such as wars, accidents, and natural disasters, may be dangerous. Because many news events are unexpected, this can be a hectic and stressful field, with deadlines constantly looming and often little time for preparation. Reporters and correspondents may be required to work at unconventional hours.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Training and Education Requirements
Most news analysts, reporters, and correspondents have at least a bachelor’s degree, usually in journalism or communication. Employers look for experience in working for school newspapers or television stations. Competition is high for positions at national organizations; most new graduates begin their careers at smaller, local papers or television stations.
Those seeking careers in this field should attend a college or university accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications, or ACEJMC. A typical bachelor’s program in journalism or communications emphasizes a well-rounded, liberal arts education with courses in English, writing, and sociology. Other courses focus on specialty areas such as mass media, basic reporting, and copy editing.
Graduate programs at the master’s and doctorate level are also available, especially as preparation for teachers, professors, researchers, and theorists. A graduate degree may help those who want to advance in the field.
Strong computer and other technical skills are necessary for careers in this area, ranging from word processing to desktop publishing to graphics programs. Some analysts or reporters may need to operate video or photography equipment as well.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Salary and Wages
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in this field is expected to decline moderately throughout the next decade. Employment will be more competitive at larger national and international news organizations; job seekers may have more success with local institutions. Those with expertise in a highly sought field such as technology should have more success.
News organizations are in a period of consolidation and acquisitions, which accounts for the projected decline. Organizations are allocating their human resources more efficiently and consolidating job responsibilities as much as possible. In addition, because the profitability of news organizations is directly tied to advertising revenue, fluctuations in employment at these organizations correlate with the economy.
Self-employed, freelance journalists may be more able to sustain their careers by working for a wide variety of organizations at the same time.
As of May 2009, the median annual wage for broadcast news analysts was $50,400. Industries employing the most individuals in this field are radio/ television broadcasting, cable and other subscription programming, and newspaper/periodical publishers. These also tend to be the top paying industries in this field. As would be expected, salaries tend to be higher at national news organizations than at local stations or newspapers.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Certifications
Because employers report that practical experience is the most important part of education and training, there is little formal certification in this field outside of the college degree programs. However, many of the professional associations conduct conferences and provide other opportunities for continuing education.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Professional Associations
The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is the trade association for television and radio broadcasters. They help to insure that policymakers in government and the private sector make informed decisions that affect the broadcasting industry.
The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) is the world’s largest professional organization for electronic news professionals. The RTDNA dedicates itself to setting standards for the gathering and reporting of news.
The Online News Association is made up of professional digital journalists who gather or produce news for digital media (typically the internet). ONA hosts annual conferences on the latest developments and standards in digital journalism and technology and sponsors the Online Journalism Awards.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Job Responsibilities
News analysts (also known as newscasters or news anchors) appear on television news shows, introduce stories, interview guests, and present factual information to the audience. News correspondents appear on television news shows and present stories from the location at which they are stationed. They may appear live or on videotape. News reporters or journalists gather information and present it to the audience, either through video, print, or a combination of the two.
Large media organizations may have specialized journalists that report on a particular field or area, such as sports, weather, or even international news. In smaller organizations, there is less specialization and a single reporter may report on a wide variety of events, take photographs, write articles or scripts, and appear on the newscast.
News analysts, reporters, and correspondents may work in a quiet office, a crowded newsroom floor, or a television studio. Onsite locations for news stories, such as wars, accidents, and natural disasters, may be dangerous. Because many news events are unexpected, this can be a hectic and stressful field, with deadlines constantly looming and often little time for preparation. Reporters and correspondents may be required to work at unconventional hours.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Training and Education Requirements
Most news analysts, reporters, and correspondents have at least a bachelor’s degree, usually in journalism or communication. Employers look for experience in working for school newspapers or television stations. Competition is high for positions at national organizations; most new graduates begin their careers at smaller, local papers or television stations.
Those seeking careers in this field should attend a college or university accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications, or ACEJMC. A typical bachelor’s program in journalism or communications emphasizes a well-rounded, liberal arts education with courses in English, writing, and sociology. Other courses focus on specialty areas such as mass media, basic reporting, and copy editing.
Graduate programs at the master’s and doctorate level are also available, especially as preparation for teachers, professors, researchers, and theorists. A graduate degree may help those who want to advance in the field.
Strong computer and other technical skills are necessary for careers in this area, ranging from word processing to desktop publishing to graphics programs. Some analysts or reporters may need to operate video or photography equipment as well.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Salary and Wages
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in this field is expected to decline moderately throughout the next decade. Employment will be more competitive at larger national and international news organizations; job seekers may have more success with local institutions. Those with expertise in a highly sought field such as technology should have more success.
News organizations are in a period of consolidation and acquisitions, which accounts for the projected decline. Organizations are allocating their human resources more efficiently and consolidating job responsibilities as much as possible. In addition, because the profitability of news organizations is directly tied to advertising revenue, fluctuations in employment at these organizations correlate with the economy.
Self-employed, freelance journalists may be more able to sustain their careers by working for a wide variety of organizations at the same time.
As of May 2009, the median annual wage for broadcast news analysts was $50,400. Industries employing the most individuals in this field are radio/ television broadcasting, cable and other subscription programming, and newspaper/periodical publishers. These also tend to be the top paying industries in this field. As would be expected, salaries tend to be higher at national news organizations than at local stations or newspapers.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Certifications
Because employers report that practical experience is the most important part of education and training, there is little formal certification in this field outside of the college degree programs. However, many of the professional associations conduct conferences and provide other opportunities for continuing education.
News Analyst, Reporter, and Correspondent Professional Associations
The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is the trade association for television and radio broadcasters. They help to insure that policymakers in government and the private sector make informed decisions that affect the broadcasting industry.
The Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) is the world’s largest professional organization for electronic news professionals. The RTDNA dedicates itself to setting standards for the gathering and reporting of news.
The Online News Association is made up of professional digital journalists who gather or produce news for digital media (typically the internet). ONA hosts annual conferences on the latest developments and standards in digital journalism and technology and sponsors the Online Journalism Awards.
Music Producer Job Description & Career Opportunities
A multi-billion dollar global industry unit, the music industry is distinct and exceedingly multifaceted in activities. The music industry needs educated producers with thorough focused knowledge, expertise, and training.
A boring and hushed life is a life without music. The music we hear on the radio, on TV, or on your music player are all fruits of the labor of a music producer. The music producer plans and coordinates the creation of a musical recording. A producer contracts technicians who in return, master, dub, and duplicate these musical recordings. A producer contracts the people behind a musical recording including singers, music arrangers, guitarists, drum players, and pianists.
Educational Background
Basically, there are no specific educational requirements for someone who wants to be a music producer. Although anyone can be a music producer, formal music training can be an advantage. Moreover, there are several universities that offer music training. Some of these universities are even offering online degrees. An aspiring music producer can take formal music classes as these courses can help establish good musical credentials. Formal music training can also help intensify the musical comprehension of an aspiring music producer. Music training certifications and degrees don’t only help establish credible profiles for an aspiring music producer but also help boost the odds of getting better salaries and compensation once employed.
Duties and Responsibilities
A music producer has varied duties and responsibilities to attend to. First, he has to look for potential and interesting music talents. Then, he has to have financially stable investors to help finance the musical production. A music producer is responsible for helping and guiding bands and musicians all through the rehearsing and recording phases of the music project.
He also has to work hand-in-hand with the radio broadcasters and the record distributors to make sure that the recordings reach the target market. Part of a music producer’s responsibility is to endorse and market bands and musicians with the use of different marketing and promotional techniques. If a music producer is working on a movie, it is his responsibility to confer the movie’s musical necessities with the movie director and the music composer prior to choosing the music for the movie. A music producer usually spends most of his time in meetings, or on a phone conversation with musicians and clients. If not in a meeting, a music producer may be spending time with the band or musicians recording at the studio.
Employment and Compensation
A music producer is usually self-employed, working for their own record companies or producing labels. A well-off music producer is someone who has a string of successful music talents who are connected to his own record label. Successful music producers have the potential to become very affluent. If employed and working for big record companies or labels like Warner Brothers, Island, and Sony, a music producer may be paid by the hour, by song, or album. Others charge for points or how successfully the record sells in the market.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
A boring and hushed life is a life without music. The music we hear on the radio, on TV, or on your music player are all fruits of the labor of a music producer. The music producer plans and coordinates the creation of a musical recording. A producer contracts technicians who in return, master, dub, and duplicate these musical recordings. A producer contracts the people behind a musical recording including singers, music arrangers, guitarists, drum players, and pianists.
Educational Background
Basically, there are no specific educational requirements for someone who wants to be a music producer. Although anyone can be a music producer, formal music training can be an advantage. Moreover, there are several universities that offer music training. Some of these universities are even offering online degrees. An aspiring music producer can take formal music classes as these courses can help establish good musical credentials. Formal music training can also help intensify the musical comprehension of an aspiring music producer. Music training certifications and degrees don’t only help establish credible profiles for an aspiring music producer but also help boost the odds of getting better salaries and compensation once employed.
Duties and Responsibilities
A music producer has varied duties and responsibilities to attend to. First, he has to look for potential and interesting music talents. Then, he has to have financially stable investors to help finance the musical production. A music producer is responsible for helping and guiding bands and musicians all through the rehearsing and recording phases of the music project.
He also has to work hand-in-hand with the radio broadcasters and the record distributors to make sure that the recordings reach the target market. Part of a music producer’s responsibility is to endorse and market bands and musicians with the use of different marketing and promotional techniques. If a music producer is working on a movie, it is his responsibility to confer the movie’s musical necessities with the movie director and the music composer prior to choosing the music for the movie. A music producer usually spends most of his time in meetings, or on a phone conversation with musicians and clients. If not in a meeting, a music producer may be spending time with the band or musicians recording at the studio.
Employment and Compensation
A music producer is usually self-employed, working for their own record companies or producing labels. A well-off music producer is someone who has a string of successful music talents who are connected to his own record label. Successful music producers have the potential to become very affluent. If employed and working for big record companies or labels like Warner Brothers, Island, and Sony, a music producer may be paid by the hour, by song, or album. Others charge for points or how successfully the record sells in the market.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Movie Director Job Description & Career Opportunities
If you love watching movies or have been fond of creating short clips, you might want to venture to the world of directing. The movie director is the one who interprets a written script and translates it into a full length movie. He has the artistic control of every activity from pre-production to post-production.
By using vision and creativity, along with technical skills, the movie director translates the script into a motion picture. It is a high-pressure job that deals with strict deadlines, assigning roles to personalities, and budgeting.
Duties and Responsibilities
Directing movies may sound fun and exciting to most people. But the truth is, being a movie director is a stressful job. There are a lot of responsibilities and a great deal of pressure. A movie director could be considered the “main man” in film making. They are in charge of making numerous artistic decisions.
Duties of a movie director include casting, shot planning and storyboarding, scheduling, script and story development, and production design. Together with the producer, he hires actors and the production staff. He oversees the whole production from day to day. Therefore, a director should be familiar with the technicalities in making a film.
The movie director is also in charge of choosing the best location to shoot. The place should match the script or screenplay in order to effectively deliver the story. Once accepted by the producer, he creates a shooting script. A shooting script dictates the directions on filming every scene. The director divides the shooting script according to the targeted length of the film, budget limitations, and capabilities of the cast and crew.
In the actual filming process, the movie director gives instructions to the camera operator and other crew members. He also coaches the actors and gives a brief introduction of their characters as well as how he wants them to portray it.
The movie director also helps in editing the film. At the end of a day’s shoot, he does a quick scan of the film and points out errors and weak scenes. If he’s not satisfied, he can decide whether or not to redo the scene.
Skills and Education
There is no specific educational requirement for a movie director. However, a related course in writing or acting might help aspiring directors. Some schools offer certificate programs in directing, film making and film theory, cinematography, editing, lighting, and other related tasks.
A movie director should be very familiar and engaged in different aspects of film making. Those with technical skills have an advantage over those without. Nevertheless, the key to becoming a successful movie director is talent and creativity.
Work Conditions
Obviously, movie directors do not have a fixed work schedule. The environment and working hours depend on the requirements of the film. They can start working very early in the morning or end late at night. They can also move from one location to another.
There is also no fixed salary for a movie director. Their compensation depends on how much the movie earned when they are screened.
By using vision and creativity, along with technical skills, the movie director translates the script into a motion picture. It is a high-pressure job that deals with strict deadlines, assigning roles to personalities, and budgeting.
Duties and Responsibilities
Directing movies may sound fun and exciting to most people. But the truth is, being a movie director is a stressful job. There are a lot of responsibilities and a great deal of pressure. A movie director could be considered the “main man” in film making. They are in charge of making numerous artistic decisions.
Duties of a movie director include casting, shot planning and storyboarding, scheduling, script and story development, and production design. Together with the producer, he hires actors and the production staff. He oversees the whole production from day to day. Therefore, a director should be familiar with the technicalities in making a film.
The movie director is also in charge of choosing the best location to shoot. The place should match the script or screenplay in order to effectively deliver the story. Once accepted by the producer, he creates a shooting script. A shooting script dictates the directions on filming every scene. The director divides the shooting script according to the targeted length of the film, budget limitations, and capabilities of the cast and crew.
In the actual filming process, the movie director gives instructions to the camera operator and other crew members. He also coaches the actors and gives a brief introduction of their characters as well as how he wants them to portray it.
The movie director also helps in editing the film. At the end of a day’s shoot, he does a quick scan of the film and points out errors and weak scenes. If he’s not satisfied, he can decide whether or not to redo the scene.
Skills and Education
There is no specific educational requirement for a movie director. However, a related course in writing or acting might help aspiring directors. Some schools offer certificate programs in directing, film making and film theory, cinematography, editing, lighting, and other related tasks.
A movie director should be very familiar and engaged in different aspects of film making. Those with technical skills have an advantage over those without. Nevertheless, the key to becoming a successful movie director is talent and creativity.
Work Conditions
Obviously, movie directors do not have a fixed work schedule. The environment and working hours depend on the requirements of the film. They can start working very early in the morning or end late at night. They can also move from one location to another.
There is also no fixed salary for a movie director. Their compensation depends on how much the movie earned when they are screened.
Media Researcher Job Description & Career Opportunities
Media researchers work in different sectors of the media industry, they find information and develop ideas for television, radio, internet, and movies. They also help in organizing all aspects of media programming, from ideas to execution. They develop ideas for programs and find audiences and media for those programs. A media researcher is one of the people responsible for knowing everything about the industry, so that companies can make and plan programs which will be in demand.
Education and Training
There is no specific educational requirement to become a media researcher. But most media researcher positions require at least a bachelor’s degree specifically in marketing, advertising, public relations, mass communication, journalism or any related field.
Duties and Responsibilities
The media researcher serves as a liaison between executives and the public and must be able to work with different people to ensure the smooth running of the programming processes. At all times the media researcher is expected to be alert, accessible, ready to obtain information, and at ease with his company. A media researcher does meetings with directors or executives to discuss forward planning, writing plans and reports for past and future programmes. They must also conduct market research and write reports on what the findings might mean for the specific program or company.
A media researcher should be able to assist senior researchers by giving inputs and analysing previous recorded data. Media researchers also analyze media to know the best marketing and advertising venues for advertisers, do meetings with advertisers to discuss what type of audience they want to attract, researchers also compare ratings data to know which shows the audience is watching.
Qualifications and Experience
Media researchers must have interpersonal skills, computer skills, good research skills, and a high level of initiative. A media researcher must also enjoy challenges and learning new things. Most companies requires some kind of experience. You must expect to spend time gaining experience as an unpaid intern before you are considered for a full-time paid position. Some media researchers are promoted from early positions as interns and runners and it is sometime expected that applicants for a research position gained experience in the media through these types of jobs.
Advancement and Salary
Like other jobs, the salary of a media researcher also varies depending on education, experience, the type of company, and duties. But with more experience and education media researchers can easily advance to senior researcher in their company or department. They may get jobs with the government or a university to conduct research and studies on media trends or to teach courses on media issues. They can also open their own firm or they may move on to other positions in advertising, publishing, or research analysis.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Working Conditions
Media Researcher can work at home, on site, and from the office. When working from the office the working conditions are of course standard office practice. Stress can be an issue but risks are minimal. Researchers are usually on-site for the duration of the programming process with no opportunity to get away.
Education and Training
There is no specific educational requirement to become a media researcher. But most media researcher positions require at least a bachelor’s degree specifically in marketing, advertising, public relations, mass communication, journalism or any related field.
Duties and Responsibilities
The media researcher serves as a liaison between executives and the public and must be able to work with different people to ensure the smooth running of the programming processes. At all times the media researcher is expected to be alert, accessible, ready to obtain information, and at ease with his company. A media researcher does meetings with directors or executives to discuss forward planning, writing plans and reports for past and future programmes. They must also conduct market research and write reports on what the findings might mean for the specific program or company.
A media researcher should be able to assist senior researchers by giving inputs and analysing previous recorded data. Media researchers also analyze media to know the best marketing and advertising venues for advertisers, do meetings with advertisers to discuss what type of audience they want to attract, researchers also compare ratings data to know which shows the audience is watching.
Qualifications and Experience
Media researchers must have interpersonal skills, computer skills, good research skills, and a high level of initiative. A media researcher must also enjoy challenges and learning new things. Most companies requires some kind of experience. You must expect to spend time gaining experience as an unpaid intern before you are considered for a full-time paid position. Some media researchers are promoted from early positions as interns and runners and it is sometime expected that applicants for a research position gained experience in the media through these types of jobs.
Advancement and Salary
Like other jobs, the salary of a media researcher also varies depending on education, experience, the type of company, and duties. But with more experience and education media researchers can easily advance to senior researcher in their company or department. They may get jobs with the government or a university to conduct research and studies on media trends or to teach courses on media issues. They can also open their own firm or they may move on to other positions in advertising, publishing, or research analysis.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Working Conditions
Media Researcher can work at home, on site, and from the office. When working from the office the working conditions are of course standard office practice. Stress can be an issue but risks are minimal. Researchers are usually on-site for the duration of the programming process with no opportunity to get away.
Journalist Job Description & Career Opportunities
Today’s popular media is known to focus heavily on pure entertainment. On the other hand, journalism is finding and researching what is happening around the world and making people aware of it and how it affects their lives. Journalism is basically a collection and dissemination of news that includes the building public opinion. Aspirants should know every aspect of the journalist job description in order for them to come up with the necessary qualifications for this job type.
The main area of journalism lies between production and reporting. There are specific roles that are being conducted in each area wherein technology should go hand in hand in order to disperse the news. As a whole, journalism is being classified broadly as:
Print Journalism. This kind of reporting includes journals, magazines and of course, newspapers. One can work as reporter, editor, columnist, correspondents and other field related work.
Electronic Journalism. This may sound a little bit odd to some beginners. This form of journalism includes in working for television, radio and online through the internet. In using the web to scatter the news, there are also the so-called web editors that are synonymous to the work of common newspaper and magazine editors. Electronic journalism includes writer, reporter, researcher, editor, anchor and correspondent.
There are actually different levels of journalist as some work as junior reporters for newspaper or magazines and while others cover international news and sports activities for television and radio stations as well as the major newspaper companies. Most people who are hooked in the field of journalism spend a lot of time looking for possible news stories that will be informational and interesting enough to be heard by all. This includes talking to various people with different backgrounds, occupations, and lifestyles. A journalist job description includes having a wide range of knowledgeable functions that starts with developing uncovered stories to writing and getting it published in newspapers, magazines, online or through television or radio.
One should be able to get accurate facts in real time and the reporter or writer should seek fresh stories and precisely convey the information to the public. In order for one to fit in the journalist job description, he should be well equipped with knowledge on how to gather reliable sources, attend press conferences and council meetings, interviewing people using questions that are most relevant to the topic being discussed, analyzing the gathered input and reporting the story in a unique manner.
Journalists don’t have fixed schedules as there will be unpredictable events or stories that can rise at any time of the day. No matter how busy their schedule might be, the journalist should be able to meet the deadlines in terms of creating a story that will be featured in either print or electronic journals. The main goal of a journalist is to create a balanced and unbiased story and wannabes should keep in mind that a journalism career requires one to abide the rules of the land and not to make allegations that are not factual and unfounded as this will only put his job in jeopardy.
The main area of journalism lies between production and reporting. There are specific roles that are being conducted in each area wherein technology should go hand in hand in order to disperse the news. As a whole, journalism is being classified broadly as:
Print Journalism. This kind of reporting includes journals, magazines and of course, newspapers. One can work as reporter, editor, columnist, correspondents and other field related work.
Electronic Journalism. This may sound a little bit odd to some beginners. This form of journalism includes in working for television, radio and online through the internet. In using the web to scatter the news, there are also the so-called web editors that are synonymous to the work of common newspaper and magazine editors. Electronic journalism includes writer, reporter, researcher, editor, anchor and correspondent.
There are actually different levels of journalist as some work as junior reporters for newspaper or magazines and while others cover international news and sports activities for television and radio stations as well as the major newspaper companies. Most people who are hooked in the field of journalism spend a lot of time looking for possible news stories that will be informational and interesting enough to be heard by all. This includes talking to various people with different backgrounds, occupations, and lifestyles. A journalist job description includes having a wide range of knowledgeable functions that starts with developing uncovered stories to writing and getting it published in newspapers, magazines, online or through television or radio.
One should be able to get accurate facts in real time and the reporter or writer should seek fresh stories and precisely convey the information to the public. In order for one to fit in the journalist job description, he should be well equipped with knowledge on how to gather reliable sources, attend press conferences and council meetings, interviewing people using questions that are most relevant to the topic being discussed, analyzing the gathered input and reporting the story in a unique manner.
Journalists don’t have fixed schedules as there will be unpredictable events or stories that can rise at any time of the day. No matter how busy their schedule might be, the journalist should be able to meet the deadlines in terms of creating a story that will be featured in either print or electronic journals. The main goal of a journalist is to create a balanced and unbiased story and wannabes should keep in mind that a journalism career requires one to abide the rules of the land and not to make allegations that are not factual and unfounded as this will only put his job in jeopardy.
Language Interpreter and Translator Job Description & Career Opportunities
Interpreters and translators are responsible for facilitating cross-cultural communication through the process of converting one language into a different language. Along with simple translation they also relay ideas and concepts between different languages. To be successful in this profession, it is important to thoroughly understand the subject matter in which a translator or interpreter is working in order to convey information accurately. Furthermore, translators and interpreters must be culturally sensitive.
Language Interpreter and Translator Job Responsibilities
Although it is possible to translate as well as interpret, most people choose to specialize in either translating or interpreting. Interpreters handle spoken words while translators work with written words. Distinct skills are required for each task. For this reason some people tend to be better suited for either interpreting or translating. Translators tend to translate only into their native language. Interpreters frequently interpret into and from more than one language.
An interpreter is responsible for converting a spoken language into another language. Attention to detail is crucial, along with understanding what is being communicated in both languages. Interpreters must be able to clearly express ideas and thoughts. Exceptional memory is important as well.
There are two different types of interpreting; consecutive and simultaneous. Simultaneous interpreting involves interpreters listening and speaking (or signing) at the same time that another person is signing or speaking. In an ideal situation a simultaneous interpreter will be familiar enough with a subject that they are able to anticipate how a speaker’s sentence will end. This type of interpretation involves a high level of concentration. Simultaneous interpreting may be used in courts or at international conferences.
Consecutive interpreters will begin interpreting only after the speaker has finished speaking. A consecutive interpreter may take notes while listening. This type of interpreting is frequently used in one-on-one communication.
Translators convert written words from one language into another language. They must have excellent analytical abilities and writing skills. In addition, they should have good editing skills. Translators must keep in mind cultural references that may need to be explained, including colloquialisms and slang as well as other expressions that may not be able to translate literally. Translators may be needed in social services, education, business and entertainment.
Interpreters and translators may work in a variety of different settings including hospitals, schools, conference centers and courtrooms. While interpreters may work with others, translators typically work alone. Tight schedules and deadlines are not unusual. The availability of computers and the Internet makes it possible to freelance within this career field. Interpreting and translating may require long hours that may sometimes be irregular.
The employment outlook for interpreters and translators is expected to grow faster than average. Employment prospects will vary according to language and specialty. This increased demand will result from an increase of international ties. Demand will be strongest for translators in languages that are frequently translated including Italian, German, French, Portuguese and Spanish. Demand should also remain strong for translators of Middle Eastern languages, including Arabic as well as for East Asian languages such as Korean, Japanese and Chinese. The demand for American Sign Language interpreters is also expected to grow at a rapid rate.
Language Interpreter and Translator Training and Education Requirements
Translators and interpreters must be fluent in a minimum of two languages. Educational backgrounds can vary; but most often need a bachelor’s degree. Individuals interested in this career can prepare by taking classes that include foreign languages, English writing and comprehension and basic computer proficiency. It can also be helpful to spend some time abroad to engage in direct contact with a foreign culture. Extensive reading in more than one language can be helpful as well.
Specialized training is also typically required. Formal programs in translation and interpretation are offered at colleges around the country. Individuals who work as conference interpreters or in technical areas, including engineering, localization or finance, often have master’s degrees.
Experience is critical in this career field. Most companies require interpreters and translators to have a minimum of three years of experience or have a degree in translation studies.
Language Interpreter and Translator Salary and Wages
In 2008 the median annual wage for interpreters and translators was $38,500. Specialists that work for the federal government earned an average of around $79,000. Earnings can often depend on subject matter, language, experience, skill, certification, education and type of employer. Those knowledgeable in languages that few people are able to translate will typically have higher earnings. Interpreters and translators that are not salaried may have fluctuating earnings, depending on the amount of work available to them. Freelance interpreters commonly earn an hourly rate. Translators that freelance usually earn a word per hour rate.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Language Interpreter and Translator Certification
At this time there is not a universal form of certification that is required for interpreters and translators in the U.S. There are many different exams that can be taken in order to demonstrate proficiency. Certification is offered in 24 language combinations by the American Translators Association. Certification is also available through the Federal courts for Navajo, Haitian Creole and Spanish interpreters. Certification for general sign interpreters is offered by the National Association of the Deaf and the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf.
Language Interpreter and Translator Professional Associations
Professional associations for interpreters and translators include the American Translators Association.
Language Interpreter and Translator Job Responsibilities
Although it is possible to translate as well as interpret, most people choose to specialize in either translating or interpreting. Interpreters handle spoken words while translators work with written words. Distinct skills are required for each task. For this reason some people tend to be better suited for either interpreting or translating. Translators tend to translate only into their native language. Interpreters frequently interpret into and from more than one language.
An interpreter is responsible for converting a spoken language into another language. Attention to detail is crucial, along with understanding what is being communicated in both languages. Interpreters must be able to clearly express ideas and thoughts. Exceptional memory is important as well.
There are two different types of interpreting; consecutive and simultaneous. Simultaneous interpreting involves interpreters listening and speaking (or signing) at the same time that another person is signing or speaking. In an ideal situation a simultaneous interpreter will be familiar enough with a subject that they are able to anticipate how a speaker’s sentence will end. This type of interpretation involves a high level of concentration. Simultaneous interpreting may be used in courts or at international conferences.
Consecutive interpreters will begin interpreting only after the speaker has finished speaking. A consecutive interpreter may take notes while listening. This type of interpreting is frequently used in one-on-one communication.
Translators convert written words from one language into another language. They must have excellent analytical abilities and writing skills. In addition, they should have good editing skills. Translators must keep in mind cultural references that may need to be explained, including colloquialisms and slang as well as other expressions that may not be able to translate literally. Translators may be needed in social services, education, business and entertainment.
Interpreters and translators may work in a variety of different settings including hospitals, schools, conference centers and courtrooms. While interpreters may work with others, translators typically work alone. Tight schedules and deadlines are not unusual. The availability of computers and the Internet makes it possible to freelance within this career field. Interpreting and translating may require long hours that may sometimes be irregular.
The employment outlook for interpreters and translators is expected to grow faster than average. Employment prospects will vary according to language and specialty. This increased demand will result from an increase of international ties. Demand will be strongest for translators in languages that are frequently translated including Italian, German, French, Portuguese and Spanish. Demand should also remain strong for translators of Middle Eastern languages, including Arabic as well as for East Asian languages such as Korean, Japanese and Chinese. The demand for American Sign Language interpreters is also expected to grow at a rapid rate.
Language Interpreter and Translator Training and Education Requirements
Translators and interpreters must be fluent in a minimum of two languages. Educational backgrounds can vary; but most often need a bachelor’s degree. Individuals interested in this career can prepare by taking classes that include foreign languages, English writing and comprehension and basic computer proficiency. It can also be helpful to spend some time abroad to engage in direct contact with a foreign culture. Extensive reading in more than one language can be helpful as well.
Specialized training is also typically required. Formal programs in translation and interpretation are offered at colleges around the country. Individuals who work as conference interpreters or in technical areas, including engineering, localization or finance, often have master’s degrees.
Experience is critical in this career field. Most companies require interpreters and translators to have a minimum of three years of experience or have a degree in translation studies.
Language Interpreter and Translator Salary and Wages
In 2008 the median annual wage for interpreters and translators was $38,500. Specialists that work for the federal government earned an average of around $79,000. Earnings can often depend on subject matter, language, experience, skill, certification, education and type of employer. Those knowledgeable in languages that few people are able to translate will typically have higher earnings. Interpreters and translators that are not salaried may have fluctuating earnings, depending on the amount of work available to them. Freelance interpreters commonly earn an hourly rate. Translators that freelance usually earn a word per hour rate.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Language Interpreter and Translator Certification
At this time there is not a universal form of certification that is required for interpreters and translators in the U.S. There are many different exams that can be taken in order to demonstrate proficiency. Certification is offered in 24 language combinations by the American Translators Association. Certification is also available through the Federal courts for Navajo, Haitian Creole and Spanish interpreters. Certification for general sign interpreters is offered by the National Association of the Deaf and the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf.
Language Interpreter and Translator Professional Associations
Professional associations for interpreters and translators include the American Translators Association.
Graphic Artist Job Description & Career Opportunities
A graphic artist is the professional behind all visual masterpeices that can be seen on television, internet, print, electronic media, magazines, movies, written material, and advertising or any other means that uses web or graphic designs. They also design, conceptualize and lay out graphical designs that are visible in most advertising mediums.
EDUCATION
Graduates of Design, Visual Arts, Computer Science, Computer Programming or Computer Engineering can be a Graphic Artist. A certificate in any computer software such as web designing, Adobe Photoshop, 2D and 3D animation are also a plus. Graduate short courses in graphic design or vocational courses can be useful to an aspiring graphic artist as well.
DUTIES
Graphic artists communicate and present ideas to their clients or managers about the project. They coordinate with the clients to discuss ad specifications, budget, schedules and the designs that would fit their needs and taste or other work orders as needed. Graphic artist conceptualize a design according to the demand of the client. They do the designing, coloring, lay out, and print design. Some graphic artist works with others, such as printers, programmers, developers or other technicians to complete the project, sometimes working directly with the client.
They are also responsible in modifying and revising projects, deadlines and staying within timelines. This requires excellent organizational skills and time management. Designers should be able to solve visual problems and challenges and they also have a unique job of taking the ideas from the client in a creative way that will capture the information that the client is trying to show. But the main duty of the designer is to present projects or information in a memorable way.
QUALIFICATIONS
To become a graphic artist you must have a wide knowledge in graphic design, web design, and computer software. Designers must have artistic sensibility, knowledge of design elements, artistic ability and creativity. You must also have problem solving skills and a knack for choosing the right fonts, colors, and lines while conveying meaning. Since a graphic artist job requires using design software such as Photoshop, animation, AutoCad, and other complex computer software, graphic artists must possess technical skills. Being able to create designs using these different computer applications is important to execute projects. Graphic artists need to be organized, must have time management skills and general business skills in order to meet deadlines and stay within the budget. You should also have the ability to make concepts and develop designs according to your client’s needs.
AVERAGE COMPENSATION
Salary and compensation for graphic artista varies. The job title “Senior Graphic Artist” means that you’ll be earning more. Educational can become a factor if you are working for a company but since graphic artists have the options to work as freelancers and can be self-employed, education level may not matter much. Though holding a degree doesn’t really matter, experience and insights are a big plus that will help you increase your value to employers or clients.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
EDUCATION
Graduates of Design, Visual Arts, Computer Science, Computer Programming or Computer Engineering can be a Graphic Artist. A certificate in any computer software such as web designing, Adobe Photoshop, 2D and 3D animation are also a plus. Graduate short courses in graphic design or vocational courses can be useful to an aspiring graphic artist as well.
DUTIES
Graphic artists communicate and present ideas to their clients or managers about the project. They coordinate with the clients to discuss ad specifications, budget, schedules and the designs that would fit their needs and taste or other work orders as needed. Graphic artist conceptualize a design according to the demand of the client. They do the designing, coloring, lay out, and print design. Some graphic artist works with others, such as printers, programmers, developers or other technicians to complete the project, sometimes working directly with the client.
They are also responsible in modifying and revising projects, deadlines and staying within timelines. This requires excellent organizational skills and time management. Designers should be able to solve visual problems and challenges and they also have a unique job of taking the ideas from the client in a creative way that will capture the information that the client is trying to show. But the main duty of the designer is to present projects or information in a memorable way.
QUALIFICATIONS
To become a graphic artist you must have a wide knowledge in graphic design, web design, and computer software. Designers must have artistic sensibility, knowledge of design elements, artistic ability and creativity. You must also have problem solving skills and a knack for choosing the right fonts, colors, and lines while conveying meaning. Since a graphic artist job requires using design software such as Photoshop, animation, AutoCad, and other complex computer software, graphic artists must possess technical skills. Being able to create designs using these different computer applications is important to execute projects. Graphic artists need to be organized, must have time management skills and general business skills in order to meet deadlines and stay within the budget. You should also have the ability to make concepts and develop designs according to your client’s needs.
AVERAGE COMPENSATION
Salary and compensation for graphic artista varies. The job title “Senior Graphic Artist” means that you’ll be earning more. Educational can become a factor if you are working for a company but since graphic artists have the options to work as freelancers and can be self-employed, education level may not matter much. Though holding a degree doesn’t really matter, experience and insights are a big plus that will help you increase your value to employers or clients.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Graphic Designer Job Description & Career Opportunities
Graphic designers are incredibly talented people who have an eye for detail and a creative mind. Their work is varied and includes creating books, newspapers, advertisements, logos, illustrations and websites, along with any other visual materials that their clients ask for. The more creative a person is, the farther they will go in this field. It is also important for graphic designers to have a good attitude and understand that the client is always right.
Many graphic design jobs require or strongly prefer candidates with a degree in graphic design or a related field. Check out the programs below which offer free information:
Bachelor of Fine Arts – Digital Design by American InterContinental University
Bachelor of Science in Visual Communication by University of Phoenix
Bachelor of Science in Graphic Design by Full Sail University
There are a lot of jobs available to graphic designers. Top prospects for employment include newspapers, advertising companies and design firms. Getting a job in this field is highly competitive, so it is important to have a lot of familiarity with the programs that most employers are generating toward such as Adobe InDesign and Illustrator. In this highly competitive job field, it is the small things that will stick out in an interview and experience and computer knowledge are high on the list.
Graphic Design Job Responsibilities
Graphic designers have a wide variety of duties and obligations. They are generally the most creative people in the office place and they are looked at to fulfill all creative roles. While being creative is definitely a requirement for this industry, it is also important to remember that if a client asks for something specific, that is what you have to do. So, no matter what they ask for in terms of their advertisement or illustration, you have to be able to deliver.
A fun part of the graphic design field is that there is the opportunity to induce change. Designers create ad campaigns that can and will become household names. While no one ever knows the face behind the advertisement, it’s a rewarding part of the job to know that your creation has become so well respected.
Designers who work in the world of the newspaper industry have the most varied day of all. They can be asked to create a logo or illustration in the morning, an advertisement before lunch and then paginate a newspaper or magazine in the afternoon. Graphic designers who work in the publishing industry (whether it be newspapers or books) will have more direction in their jobs and at times less room for creativity because their industry is very exact as far as where things need to go when putting together the final product.
Graphic Design Training and Education Requirements
The standard education requirement in the field of Graphic Design has always been an Associate of Arts degree, but as the field has become more competitive a Bachelor of Arts degree is becoming more necessary as it will help job seekers stand out in the pack. In this vastly changing computerized marketplace, students will need to be extremely proficient in programs such as Adobe InDesign, Photoshop and Illustrator, which are currently industry standards. Students should take as many classes that emphasize the programs because they are the tools that will be used every day, once out of college. Quark Xpress once was an industry standard and still does have a following, so students should also make sure to learn about that program, while still in school.
Before looking for their first jobs, students will need to create a portfolio of all the design work that they have created. These should be the best examples of what you are capable of creating. A portfolio that includes many different types of work will be valuable as students begin the job hunt. In order to create a portfolio, students will need to take class work in many subject fields such as Web design, digital design and interactive design, along with courses in typography and digital photography where the focus is on the manipulation of photographs.
Graphic Design Salary and Wages
The salary of a graphic designer varies with the industry an individual works in. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average wage for Graphic Designers in 2008 was $46,750 per year. Designers who work with a large corporation or advertising firm can realistically expect that wage; those who work in the publishing industry will most likely earn less. Wages are also higher in metropolitan areas such as California and New York.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Graphic Design Certifications
Graphic Designers are not required to seek any special certification; however one way to find a great job is to become an Adobe Certified Expert. With that certification, you will be called on to be a teacher for Adobe products and will become a great asset in the office place. It also shows that you have mastered the software, which is something you can’t usually tell in an interview.
Graphic Design Professional Associations
AIGA (American Institute for Graphic Arts) is the professional association for graphic designers. It was founded in 1914 and is the largest and oldest professional organization for design. AIGA chapters are found throughout the country and abroad. The organization helps its members further their knowledge, along with providing social networking opportunities to aide job seekers.
Many graphic design jobs require or strongly prefer candidates with a degree in graphic design or a related field. Check out the programs below which offer free information:
Bachelor of Fine Arts – Digital Design by American InterContinental University
Bachelor of Science in Visual Communication by University of Phoenix
Bachelor of Science in Graphic Design by Full Sail University
There are a lot of jobs available to graphic designers. Top prospects for employment include newspapers, advertising companies and design firms. Getting a job in this field is highly competitive, so it is important to have a lot of familiarity with the programs that most employers are generating toward such as Adobe InDesign and Illustrator. In this highly competitive job field, it is the small things that will stick out in an interview and experience and computer knowledge are high on the list.
Graphic Design Job Responsibilities
Graphic designers have a wide variety of duties and obligations. They are generally the most creative people in the office place and they are looked at to fulfill all creative roles. While being creative is definitely a requirement for this industry, it is also important to remember that if a client asks for something specific, that is what you have to do. So, no matter what they ask for in terms of their advertisement or illustration, you have to be able to deliver.
A fun part of the graphic design field is that there is the opportunity to induce change. Designers create ad campaigns that can and will become household names. While no one ever knows the face behind the advertisement, it’s a rewarding part of the job to know that your creation has become so well respected.
Designers who work in the world of the newspaper industry have the most varied day of all. They can be asked to create a logo or illustration in the morning, an advertisement before lunch and then paginate a newspaper or magazine in the afternoon. Graphic designers who work in the publishing industry (whether it be newspapers or books) will have more direction in their jobs and at times less room for creativity because their industry is very exact as far as where things need to go when putting together the final product.
Graphic Design Training and Education Requirements
The standard education requirement in the field of Graphic Design has always been an Associate of Arts degree, but as the field has become more competitive a Bachelor of Arts degree is becoming more necessary as it will help job seekers stand out in the pack. In this vastly changing computerized marketplace, students will need to be extremely proficient in programs such as Adobe InDesign, Photoshop and Illustrator, which are currently industry standards. Students should take as many classes that emphasize the programs because they are the tools that will be used every day, once out of college. Quark Xpress once was an industry standard and still does have a following, so students should also make sure to learn about that program, while still in school.
Before looking for their first jobs, students will need to create a portfolio of all the design work that they have created. These should be the best examples of what you are capable of creating. A portfolio that includes many different types of work will be valuable as students begin the job hunt. In order to create a portfolio, students will need to take class work in many subject fields such as Web design, digital design and interactive design, along with courses in typography and digital photography where the focus is on the manipulation of photographs.
Graphic Design Salary and Wages
The salary of a graphic designer varies with the industry an individual works in. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average wage for Graphic Designers in 2008 was $46,750 per year. Designers who work with a large corporation or advertising firm can realistically expect that wage; those who work in the publishing industry will most likely earn less. Wages are also higher in metropolitan areas such as California and New York.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Graphic Design Certifications
Graphic Designers are not required to seek any special certification; however one way to find a great job is to become an Adobe Certified Expert. With that certification, you will be called on to be a teacher for Adobe products and will become a great asset in the office place. It also shows that you have mastered the software, which is something you can’t usually tell in an interview.
Graphic Design Professional Associations
AIGA (American Institute for Graphic Arts) is the professional association for graphic designers. It was founded in 1914 and is the largest and oldest professional organization for design. AIGA chapters are found throughout the country and abroad. The organization helps its members further their knowledge, along with providing social networking opportunities to aide job seekers.
Executive Editor Job Description & Career Opportunities
A publication with a small or big volume of readers always has an executive editor. Through an executive editor, the vision of the publication becomes clear. The tone of the publication is set and the editorial guidelines are manifested in the output of every reporter, assistant editor, and managing editor. Being an executive editor entails a huge responsibility. The executive editor represents the publication to the media and other external outlets. The team that constitutes the publication needs to be cooperative in bringing the executive editor’s goals into fruition. A lot of executive editors used to be editor-in-chiefs for a school paper.
Editorial Content
As an executive editor, the editorial content of a publication is reviewed as appropriate with the tone and voice of the publication. The executive editor produces the editorial of a newspaper. Executive editors establish good relations with the managing editor. The assistant editors work closely with each other to see to it that the subordinates are performing well. By being an executive editor, all major decisions for the publication are done. The layout, design, and content are all approved before printing. There is plenty of paperwork to read and review before they are granted the rights for printing.
Positive Publication Image
An executive editor discusses with the editorial board everything regarding submissions, deadlines, performance appraisals, budget, and planning. There is also close association with production, advertising, and information technology to create a remarkable issue all the time. In the fast-paced world of the news, an executive editor demonstrates grace under pressure. There is plenty of assistance given to the managing editor in terms of running the publication. Since the newspaper sponsors public events, the image of the publication as positive is crucial to attract an audience. The executive editor needs to get the attention of the public all the time.
Qualifications
An executive editor candidate possesses at least a university degree in journalism or has prior ten to twenty years of journalism experience. Being adept in the language of the publication is necessary to adapt to its voice and tone. Executive editors need to practice transparency in their publication material. Objectivity is also important in the dissemination of information. The guidelines of the Associated Press (AP) need to be reviewed as the need arises so that the journalism standards are met all the time. There are plenty of executive editors who have moved to the online medium from the traditional print medium.
Professional Growth
Being passionate about the written word is important for an executive editor. For a person who considers the publication as always in need of attention, meticulousness in detail and attentiveness to updates are vital. In the newsroom, a successful collaboration between the executive editor, managing editor, and assistant editors assure publication growth and more staff in the future. Executive editors are normally members of professional associations such as the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Newspaper Association of America, the Newspaper Guild, and World Editors Forum. Being in charge of the success of a publication is a major duty of the executive editor.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Editorial Content
As an executive editor, the editorial content of a publication is reviewed as appropriate with the tone and voice of the publication. The executive editor produces the editorial of a newspaper. Executive editors establish good relations with the managing editor. The assistant editors work closely with each other to see to it that the subordinates are performing well. By being an executive editor, all major decisions for the publication are done. The layout, design, and content are all approved before printing. There is plenty of paperwork to read and review before they are granted the rights for printing.
Positive Publication Image
An executive editor discusses with the editorial board everything regarding submissions, deadlines, performance appraisals, budget, and planning. There is also close association with production, advertising, and information technology to create a remarkable issue all the time. In the fast-paced world of the news, an executive editor demonstrates grace under pressure. There is plenty of assistance given to the managing editor in terms of running the publication. Since the newspaper sponsors public events, the image of the publication as positive is crucial to attract an audience. The executive editor needs to get the attention of the public all the time.
Qualifications
An executive editor candidate possesses at least a university degree in journalism or has prior ten to twenty years of journalism experience. Being adept in the language of the publication is necessary to adapt to its voice and tone. Executive editors need to practice transparency in their publication material. Objectivity is also important in the dissemination of information. The guidelines of the Associated Press (AP) need to be reviewed as the need arises so that the journalism standards are met all the time. There are plenty of executive editors who have moved to the online medium from the traditional print medium.
Professional Growth
Being passionate about the written word is important for an executive editor. For a person who considers the publication as always in need of attention, meticulousness in detail and attentiveness to updates are vital. In the newsroom, a successful collaboration between the executive editor, managing editor, and assistant editors assure publication growth and more staff in the future. Executive editors are normally members of professional associations such as the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Newspaper Association of America, the Newspaper Guild, and World Editors Forum. Being in charge of the success of a publication is a major duty of the executive editor.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technician Job Description & Career Opportunities
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators maintain electrical equipment. Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators monitor signals and transmitters. They repair electronic equipment. They regulate contrast and volume of television broadcasts. There are four types:
Broadcast engineer technician
Sound engineer technician
Audio and video equipment technician
Radio operators
Broadcast technicians operate equipment that manages sound and color. They select the source of material used on television broadcasts by managing the control panel. Sound engineering technicians record sound effects. Audio and video equipment technicians maintain audio equipment such as speakers. They also maintain video equipment such as video screens. They manage mixing boards and electrical equipment used for sporting events, conventions, and conferences. They design lighting. They install and upgrade equipment for large institutions. Radio operators repair electronic equipment using testing tools. All broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators work in television, broadcast, and radio production. The field of broadcast and sound engineering and radio operators is growing. It is expected to grow by eight percent by 2018, with a high demand for audio and video technicians.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Job Responsibilities
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators typically work a forty-hour work week. They may work overtime to include twenty-four hour days. They are expected to work holidays. Technicians may work at a small station or at a large broadcasting station, indoors and outdoors. They are expected to lift heavy equipment and may perform maintenance on antenna towers. Technicians may work on a film set. They are always on-call.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Training and Education Requirements
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators learn through on-the-job training tasks. They are not required to have a formal four-year degree. Audio and video equipment technicians complete technical training. They typically have an associate’s degree in the field or they may enter the industry with a bachelor’s degree. However, a bachelor’s degree is not required. Participation in high school and college clubs may substitute for a lack of full-time experience.
Broadcast technicians are expected to have some form of education beyond high school. Enrollment in an associate’s program of study such as electronics or broadcast technology is recommended. Most employers require a degree beyond the associate’s level. To stay competitive, most job applicants who want to enter the industry need a four-year degree. Sound engineering technicians typically enroll in a one-year vocational program. Courses in math, electronics, and computers are required.
To continue their education, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators should enroll in technology coursework and learn how to record, edit, and broadcast on computers. All technicians must have a work aptitude that prepares them for challenging tasks associated with operating and maintaining electrical and mechanical equipment.
Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators can receive higher salaries working in radio stations and broadcasting than in non-commercial industries. The median annual wage for audio and video equipment technicians in May 2008 was $38,050, with the lowest ten percent earning less than $21,500. The highest an audio and video equipment technician made in the same year was $66,550. The median annual wage for broadcast technicians in May 2008 was $32,990, the highest earning the same as audio and video equipment technicians. The median annual wage for radio and television broadcasting technicians in May 2008 was $29,220; for sound engineering technicians in May 2008 was $47,490; and for radio operators in May 2008 was $37,120. Of the technicians, the highest ten percent of sound engineering technicians earned $92,700. This is significantly higher than the audio and video equipment technicians.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Certifications
Broadcast technicians are not required to have a license, but they may seek a certification from the Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE). Before they can become certified, they must pass an examination.
Sound engineering technicians and radio operators are also not required to have a license, but they can enroll in coursework for professional advancement. They can become a supervisor or a chief engineer. To become a chief engineer and work at a television station, a technician must have a four-year degree. A typical major is engineering.
Technicians can choose to become certified through InfoComm and receive two types of credentials: 1) AV Specialist and 2) Certified Technology Specialist. For example, they can achieve certification in audiovisual (AV) by completing a program to receive the Certified Technology Specialist (CTS) with an emphasis in audiovisual. With this credential, technicians are considered an AV specialist. Technicians may also receive the general Certified Technology Specialist credential that includes coursework in audiovisual.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Professional Associations
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators may join the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB). The NAB is a trade association. It serves the broadcasting community. It contributes to the improvement of quality broadcasting. It encourages innovation in technology to bring quality services. It advocates on behalf of its members with the federal government. It provides educational materials to the general public. It fosters community growth. It promotes diversity. Technicians may apply to be a regular, senior, or associate member; and they may reinstate their memberships. Member benefits include career services through the online jobs list or the organization’s resume bank; member discounts in the form of books on engineering and technician coursework, car rentals, and conference registration discounts; engineering consulting and contract services; and insurance in the forms of life, homeowner, and car.
Technicians may also join InfoComm. Membership benefits include programs to help with collecting debts; partnership programs to offer discounts for shipping and freight costs, car rental, office supplies, and commercial insurance; and programs to help with education and curriculum costs. InfoComm also offers an online store for its members.
Broadcast engineer technician
Sound engineer technician
Audio and video equipment technician
Radio operators
Broadcast technicians operate equipment that manages sound and color. They select the source of material used on television broadcasts by managing the control panel. Sound engineering technicians record sound effects. Audio and video equipment technicians maintain audio equipment such as speakers. They also maintain video equipment such as video screens. They manage mixing boards and electrical equipment used for sporting events, conventions, and conferences. They design lighting. They install and upgrade equipment for large institutions. Radio operators repair electronic equipment using testing tools. All broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators work in television, broadcast, and radio production. The field of broadcast and sound engineering and radio operators is growing. It is expected to grow by eight percent by 2018, with a high demand for audio and video technicians.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Job Responsibilities
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators typically work a forty-hour work week. They may work overtime to include twenty-four hour days. They are expected to work holidays. Technicians may work at a small station or at a large broadcasting station, indoors and outdoors. They are expected to lift heavy equipment and may perform maintenance on antenna towers. Technicians may work on a film set. They are always on-call.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Training and Education Requirements
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators learn through on-the-job training tasks. They are not required to have a formal four-year degree. Audio and video equipment technicians complete technical training. They typically have an associate’s degree in the field or they may enter the industry with a bachelor’s degree. However, a bachelor’s degree is not required. Participation in high school and college clubs may substitute for a lack of full-time experience.
Broadcast technicians are expected to have some form of education beyond high school. Enrollment in an associate’s program of study such as electronics or broadcast technology is recommended. Most employers require a degree beyond the associate’s level. To stay competitive, most job applicants who want to enter the industry need a four-year degree. Sound engineering technicians typically enroll in a one-year vocational program. Courses in math, electronics, and computers are required.
To continue their education, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators should enroll in technology coursework and learn how to record, edit, and broadcast on computers. All technicians must have a work aptitude that prepares them for challenging tasks associated with operating and maintaining electrical and mechanical equipment.
Salary and Wages
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators can receive higher salaries working in radio stations and broadcasting than in non-commercial industries. The median annual wage for audio and video equipment technicians in May 2008 was $38,050, with the lowest ten percent earning less than $21,500. The highest an audio and video equipment technician made in the same year was $66,550. The median annual wage for broadcast technicians in May 2008 was $32,990, the highest earning the same as audio and video equipment technicians. The median annual wage for radio and television broadcasting technicians in May 2008 was $29,220; for sound engineering technicians in May 2008 was $47,490; and for radio operators in May 2008 was $37,120. Of the technicians, the highest ten percent of sound engineering technicians earned $92,700. This is significantly higher than the audio and video equipment technicians.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Certifications
Broadcast technicians are not required to have a license, but they may seek a certification from the Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE). Before they can become certified, they must pass an examination.
Sound engineering technicians and radio operators are also not required to have a license, but they can enroll in coursework for professional advancement. They can become a supervisor or a chief engineer. To become a chief engineer and work at a television station, a technician must have a four-year degree. A typical major is engineering.
Technicians can choose to become certified through InfoComm and receive two types of credentials: 1) AV Specialist and 2) Certified Technology Specialist. For example, they can achieve certification in audiovisual (AV) by completing a program to receive the Certified Technology Specialist (CTS) with an emphasis in audiovisual. With this credential, technicians are considered an AV specialist. Technicians may also receive the general Certified Technology Specialist credential that includes coursework in audiovisual.
Broadcast and Sound Engineering Technicians and Radio Operators Professional Associations
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators may join the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB). The NAB is a trade association. It serves the broadcasting community. It contributes to the improvement of quality broadcasting. It encourages innovation in technology to bring quality services. It advocates on behalf of its members with the federal government. It provides educational materials to the general public. It fosters community growth. It promotes diversity. Technicians may apply to be a regular, senior, or associate member; and they may reinstate their memberships. Member benefits include career services through the online jobs list or the organization’s resume bank; member discounts in the form of books on engineering and technician coursework, car rentals, and conference registration discounts; engineering consulting and contract services; and insurance in the forms of life, homeowner, and car.
Technicians may also join InfoComm. Membership benefits include programs to help with collecting debts; partnership programs to offer discounts for shipping and freight costs, car rental, office supplies, and commercial insurance; and programs to help with education and curriculum costs. InfoComm also offers an online store for its members.
Artistic Director Job Description & Career Opportunities
Art Directors are the ones who engaged in artwork and lay out design. They also formulate design concepts and presentation approaches. They are the ones behind job functions in films, television, publishing, video games, internet, and advertisements. Art Directors often have artistic and graphic design responsibilities and also managerial and coordination duties. Every supporting staff member in a project is chosen by the art director. They are the one who make decisions and the final result of the product heavily depends upon them.
Education and Training Requirements
The most important elements to become an Art Director are experience and skills. The skills matter more than any certificate or degree. However, an art director should possess a bachelor’s degree in art, design, and advertising and you can also consider fields such as Sales Marketing, Computers and Electronics, Administration and Management, and also Communications and Media. If you also have done any course in graphic design and multimedia, that will look good on your resume for an art director position.
Duties and Responsibilities
Art Director provides overall artistic leadership, direction, and vision. He is the one fully responsible for the output of the product. He reviews illustrative material to determine if it conforms to standards and specifications. The Art Director prepares specific materials, presentations, sketches and designs, information, prints, sounds, video, graphics animation, budgets, and does the final selection for visual presentation. His presence is also important during photo shoots and printing sessions to make sure that the product needed is obtained.
An Art Director also recruits, trains, directs and instructs staff members who prepare art layouts for printing and who develop design concepts into art layouts. The Art Director approves and reviews copy materials and art materials developed by staff members. The Art Directors works with creative directors to develop or create design solutions. He also works with art, copywriting, and production department heads to discuss concepts, presentations, and client requirements and also coordinate creative activities. The Art Director is also the one presents the final layouts to clients for final approval.
Qualifications, Job Skills, and Specifications
In order to stay longer in this field an Art Director must have uniqueness or originality, outstanding visual judgment and opinions, and excellent writing and verbal communication skill. Art Director should be able to talk to others to convey instruction or information effectively. He or she should possess multiple skills and a deep understanding of many art forms. The Art Director must have capabilities that include leadership, creativity, and excellent judgement or decision making, and of course time management skills.
An Art Director must know how manage his time and the time of the staff in order to get the project done in a timely manner and without going over budget. The Art Director also needs knowledge and principles of providing personal and customer services somehow, for part of his job is to make sure that the final layout meets the quality standards and the client needs, to ensure that the client is satisfied with the service.
Art Director Progress and Salary
With a great talent and outstanding abilities, an Art Director may have tons of companies who will be able to employ him/her and give the desired salary and may have numerous and several of benefits ahead of him/her. But some Art Directors choose to be freelancers where they can choose projects and have their own time.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Education and Training Requirements
The most important elements to become an Art Director are experience and skills. The skills matter more than any certificate or degree. However, an art director should possess a bachelor’s degree in art, design, and advertising and you can also consider fields such as Sales Marketing, Computers and Electronics, Administration and Management, and also Communications and Media. If you also have done any course in graphic design and multimedia, that will look good on your resume for an art director position.
Duties and Responsibilities
Art Director provides overall artistic leadership, direction, and vision. He is the one fully responsible for the output of the product. He reviews illustrative material to determine if it conforms to standards and specifications. The Art Director prepares specific materials, presentations, sketches and designs, information, prints, sounds, video, graphics animation, budgets, and does the final selection for visual presentation. His presence is also important during photo shoots and printing sessions to make sure that the product needed is obtained.
An Art Director also recruits, trains, directs and instructs staff members who prepare art layouts for printing and who develop design concepts into art layouts. The Art Director approves and reviews copy materials and art materials developed by staff members. The Art Directors works with creative directors to develop or create design solutions. He also works with art, copywriting, and production department heads to discuss concepts, presentations, and client requirements and also coordinate creative activities. The Art Director is also the one presents the final layouts to clients for final approval.
Qualifications, Job Skills, and Specifications
In order to stay longer in this field an Art Director must have uniqueness or originality, outstanding visual judgment and opinions, and excellent writing and verbal communication skill. Art Director should be able to talk to others to convey instruction or information effectively. He or she should possess multiple skills and a deep understanding of many art forms. The Art Director must have capabilities that include leadership, creativity, and excellent judgement or decision making, and of course time management skills.
An Art Director must know how manage his time and the time of the staff in order to get the project done in a timely manner and without going over budget. The Art Director also needs knowledge and principles of providing personal and customer services somehow, for part of his job is to make sure that the final layout meets the quality standards and the client needs, to ensure that the client is satisfied with the service.
Art Director Progress and Salary
With a great talent and outstanding abilities, an Art Director may have tons of companies who will be able to employ him/her and give the desired salary and may have numerous and several of benefits ahead of him/her. But some Art Directors choose to be freelancers where they can choose projects and have their own time.*
*According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov/oco/
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